महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-49, verse-40

ततः प्रववृते युद्धं तुमुलं लोमहर्षणम् ।
कलिङ्गानां च समरे भीमस्य च महात्मनः ।
जगतः प्रक्षयकरं घोररूपं भयानकम् ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ tumulaṁ lomaharṣaṇam ,
kaliṅgānāṁ ca samare bhīmasya ca mahātmanaḥ ,
jagataḥ prakṣayakaraṁ ghorarūpaṁ bhayānakam.

40. tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham tumulam
lomaharṣaṇam kaliṅgānām ca samare
bhīmasya ca mahātmanaḥ jagataḥ
prakṣayakaram ghorarūpam bhayānakam

40. tataḥ tumulam lomaharṣaṇam jagataḥ
prakṣayakaram ghorarūpam bhayānakam
yuddham samare kaliṅgānām ca
mahātmanaḥ bhīmasya ca pravavṛte

40. Thereafter, a tumultuous and hair-raising battle commenced. It was fought in the conflict between the Kaliṅgas and the great-souled Bhīma, and it was devastating to the world, dreadful in its appearance, and utterly terrifying.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, thereafter, from there)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced (it began, it commenced, it ensued)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight, war)

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous (tumultuous, violent, fierce, terrible)

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising (hair-raising, dreadful, exciting horripilation)

• कलिङ्गानाम् (kaliṅgānām) - of the Kaliṅgas (of the Kaliṅgas (people from the Kaliṅga region))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समरे (samare) - in the conflict (in battle, in conflict)

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world (of the world, of moving things)

• प्रक्षयकरम् (prakṣayakaram) - devastating to the world (causing destruction, annihilating)

• घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - dreadful in its appearance (of dreadful form, terrible-looking)

• भयानकम् (bhayānakam) - utterly terrifying (terrifying, frightful, dreadful)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas added to pronoun ta.

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - commenced (it began, it commenced, it ensued)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of pravṛt

From root √vṛt with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war; fought (as adjective)

past passive participle (used as noun)

from root √yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb 'pravavṛte'.

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous (tumultuous, violent, fierce, terrible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, violent, fierce, terrible, agitated

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising (hair-raising, dreadful, exciting horripilation)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, hair-raising, dreadful, exciting horripilation

compound of loman (hair) and harṣaṇa (causing excitement).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair, body hair
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing excitement, thrilling, gladdening
  adjective (neuter)
  causative derivative
  From causative of √hṛṣ
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कलिङ्गानाम् (kaliṅgānām) - of the Kaliṅgas (of the Kaliṅgas (people from the Kaliṅga region))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaliṅga

kaliṅga - name of a country and its people

Note: Denotes possession or relation.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice to connect Kaliṅgas and Bhīma.

समरे (samare) - in the conflict (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas); dreadful, terrible

Root: bhī (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled one (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous; the supreme spirit (ātman)

compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

जगतः (jagataḥ) - of the world (of the world, of moving things)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe; moving, living (as adjective)

present participle (used as noun)

Present participle of √gam, used as a noun.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Governs 'prakṣayakaram'.

प्रक्षयकरम् (prakṣayakaram) - devastating to the world (causing destruction, annihilating)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prakṣayakara

prakṣayakara - causing destruction, destructive, annihilating

compound of pra-kṣaya (destruction) and kara (making/causing).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (prakṣaya+kara)

• prakṣaya – destruction, annihilation, decay
  noun (masculine)
  from root √kṣi with upasarga pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• kara – maker, doer, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derivative
  from root √kṛ with suffix -a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Compound adjective modifying 'yuddham'.

घोररूपम् (ghorarūpam) - dreadful in its appearance (of dreadful form, terrible-looking)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - having a dreadful form, terrible-looking

compound of ghora (dreadful) and rūpa (form).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful
  adjective
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compound adjective modifying 'yuddham'.

भयानकम् (bhayānakam) - utterly terrifying (terrifying, frightful, dreadful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhayānaka

bhayānaka - terrifying, frightful, dreadful, horrible

from bhaya (fear) + ānaka (suffix meaning causing/characterized by).

Root: bhī (class 3)