महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-49, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं द्रोणो महेष्वासः पाञ्चाल्यश्चापि पार्षतः ।
रणे समीयतुर्यत्तौ तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ droṇo maheṣvāsaḥ pāñcālyaścāpi pārṣataḥ ,
raṇe samīyaturyattau tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca katham droṇaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ pāñcālyaḥ ca
api pārṣataḥ raṇe samīyatuḥ yattau tat mama ācakṣva sañjaya

1. sañjaya dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca katham maheṣvāsaḥ droṇaḥ ca api
pārṣataḥ pāñcālyaḥ yattau raṇe samīyatuḥ tat mama ācakṣva

1. Dhritarashtra said: "O Sanjaya, tell me how Drona, the great archer, and Drupada (Pāñcālya), the son of Pṛṣata, both being eager for battle, confronted each other."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - the great archer (great archer, one with a great bow)

• पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - Drupada, king of Panchala (King of Panchala, Drupada)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - son of Pṛṣata (Drupada) (son of Pṛṣata)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• समीयतुः (samīyatuḥ) - they both met, they both came together

• यत्तौ (yattau) - both being eager for battle (both ready, both striving, both engaged)

• तत् (tat) - that (event or manner) (that)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, describe

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name of the blind king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, specific teacher in Mahabharata)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - the great archer (great archer, one with a great bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - having a great bow; a great archer

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Droṇaḥ

पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - Drupada, king of Panchala (King of Panchala, Drupada)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - King of the Pañcālas, Drupada

Derived from Pañcāla, indicating an inhabitant or ruler of that region.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

पार्षतः (pārṣataḥ) - son of Pṛṣata (Drupada) (son of Pṛṣata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata (an epithet of Drupada)

Derived from Pṛṣata, indicating 'descendant of Pṛṣata'.

Note: Another name/epithet for Drupada

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight

समीयतुः (samīyatuḥ) - they both met, they both came together

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of i

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

यत्तौ (yattau) - both being eager for battle (both ready, both striving, both engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of yatta

yatta - restrained, controlled, prepared, ready, striving

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root yam- ('to restrain, to control')

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Droṇa and Pāñcālya

तत् (tat) - that (event or manner) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the manner of Drona and Drupada meeting.

मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Used here with the sense of dative, 'tell to me'.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, describe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (proper name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)