महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-89, verse-5

दुःशासनं च कर्णं च शकुनिं चापि सौबलम् ।
दुर्योधनसमीपे तानासनस्थान्ददर्श सः ॥५॥

5. duḥśāsanaṁ ca karṇaṁ ca śakuniṁ cāpi saubalam ,
duryodhanasamīpe tānāsanasthāndadarśa saḥ.

5. duḥśāsanam ca karṇam ca śakunim ca api saubalam
duryodhana-samīpe tān āsanasthān dadarśa saḥ

5. Near Duryodhana, he saw Duḥśāsana, Karṇa, and Śakuni (the son of Subala), who were seated there.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duḥśāsana

• च (ca) - and

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• च (ca) - and

• शकुनिम् (śakunim) - Śakuni

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सौबलम् (saubalam) - Śakuni, the son of Subala (son of Subala)

• दुर्योधन-समीपे (duryodhana-samīpe) - near Duryodhana

• तान् (tān) - those (Duḥśāsana, Karṇa, and Śakuni) (those)

• आसनस्थान् (āsanasthān) - seated on seats

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (a central figure in the Mahābhārata)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शकुनिम् (śakunim) - Śakuni

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakuni

śakuni - Śakuni (the maternal uncle of Duryodhana)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

सौबलम् (saubalam) - Śakuni, the son of Subala (son of Subala)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala, a descendant of Subala

A patronymic derived from Subala

दुर्योधन-समीपे (duryodhana-samīpe) - near Duryodhana

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duryodhanasamīpa

duryodhanasamīpa - proximity to Duryodhana, near Duryodhana

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+samīpa)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• samīpa – near, proximity, vicinity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate location.

तान् (tān) - those (Duḥśāsana, Karṇa, and Śakuni) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it, those

Note: Refers to the group of individuals being seen.

आसनस्थान् (āsanasthān) - seated on seats

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āsanastha

āsanastha - seated on a seat, occupying a seat

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (āsana+stha)

• āsana – seat, throne
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, residing
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tān'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect tense form of root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he

Note: Subject of the verb 'dadarśa'.