महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-89, verse-27

अकस्माच्चैव पार्थानां द्वेषणं नोपपद्यते ।
धर्मे स्थिताः पाण्डवेयाः कस्तान्किं वक्तुमर्हति ॥२७॥

27. akasmāccaiva pārthānāṁ dveṣaṇaṁ nopapadyate ,
dharme sthitāḥ pāṇḍaveyāḥ kastānkiṁ vaktumarhati.

27. akasmāt ca eva pārthānām dveṣaṇam na upapadyate
dharme sthitāḥ pāṇḍaveyāḥ kaḥ tān kim vaktum arhati

27. Indeed, hatred towards the Pārthas without cause is not justified. Who can say anything against those Pāṇḍavas, who are established in their natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - causelessly, without reason

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• पार्थानाम् (pārthānām) - of the Pārthas, pertaining to the sons of Pṛthā

• द्वेषणम् (dveṣaṇam) - hatred, enmity

• न (na) - not, no

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is fitting, is appropriate, occurs, arises

• धर्मे (dharme) - in their natural law (dharma) (in natural law (dharma), in righteousness, in duty)

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - established, standing, situated

• पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• तान् (tān) - them, those

• किम् (kim) - what, anything

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

• अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, ought

Words meanings and morphology

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - causelessly, without reason

(indeclinable)

From 'a' (not) and 'kasmāt' (from what cause), thus 'without cause'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

पार्थानाम् (pārthānām) - of the Pārthas, pertaining to the sons of Pṛthā

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), the Pāṇḍavas

From Pṛthā + a (suffix for progeny)

द्वेषणम् (dveṣaṇam) - hatred, enmity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dveṣaṇa

dveṣaṇa - hatred, hostility, enmity, detestation

Derived from root 'dviṣ' (to hate) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Could also be accusative, but nominative makes more sense as the subject of 'upapadyate'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is fitting, is appropriate, occurs, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pad

Root 'pad' (cl. 4, `padyate`) with upasarga 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)

धर्मे (dharme) - in their natural law (dharma) (in natural law (dharma), in righteousness, in duty)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, order

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - established, standing, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, established, firm, steady

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pāṇḍaveyāḥ'.

पाण्डवेयाः (pāṇḍaveyāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

From Pāṇḍu + eya (suffix for progeny)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Interrogative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of 'arhati'.

तान् (tān) - them, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine accusative plural.

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

किम् (kim) - what, anything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Interrogative pronoun/adverb, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak, to say

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vac

infinitive

From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix '-tum'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हति (arhati) - is able, deserves, ought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root 'arh' (cl. 1, `arhati`).

Root: arh (class 1)