महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-89, verse-29

कामक्रोधानुवर्ती हि यो मोहाद्विरुरुत्सते ।
गुणवन्तं च यो द्वेष्टि तमाहुः पुरुषाधमम् ॥२९॥

29. kāmakrodhānuvartī hi yo mohādvirurutsate ,
guṇavantaṁ ca yo dveṣṭi tamāhuḥ puruṣādhamam.

29. kāmakrodhānuvartī hi yaḥ mohāt virurutsate
guṇavantam ca yaḥ dveṣṭi tam āhuḥ puruṣādhamam

29. Indeed, whoever, following desire and anger, out of delusion, desires to oppose (another), and whoever hates a virtuous person—him they call the lowest among men.

Words meanings summery:

• कामक्रोधानुवर्ती (kāmakrodhānuvartī) - following desire and anger

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of ignorance

• विरुरुत्सते (virurutsate) - desires to rise against, wishes to oppose, wishes to injure

• गुणवन्तम् (guṇavantam) - a virtuous person, one possessing good qualities

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - hates

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call, they say, they declare

• पुरुषाधमम् (puruṣādhamam) - the lowest among men, meanest of men

Words meanings and morphology

कामक्रोधानुवर्ती (kāmakrodhānuvartī) - following desire and anger

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmakrodhānuvartin

kāmakrodhānuvartin - following desire and anger, subservient to desire and anger

Compound of 'kāma' (desire), 'krodha' (anger) and 'anuvartin' (following).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (kāma+krodha+anuvartin)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kudh (class 4)
• anuvartin – following, pursuing, compliant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'anu-vṛt' (to follow) with the agentive suffix '-in'.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or causation.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of 'virurutsate' and 'dveṣṭi'.

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, ignorance, bewilderment

From root 'muh' (to be deluded).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Null for gender_default as it is a noun, but is masculine here.

विरुरुत्सते (virurutsate) - desires to rise against, wishes to oppose, wishes to injure

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruh

desiderative

Desiderative of root 'ruh' (to rise, grow) with upasarga 'vi' (implying opposition or injury). Formed with the suffix '-sa' and reduplication. The final 's' causes a cerebral ṣ but here s is due to rule.

Prefix: vi

Root: ruh (class 1)

गुणवन्तम् (guṇavantam) - a virtuous person, one possessing good qualities

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - virtuous, excellent, possessing good qualities, meritorious

From 'guṇa' (quality) + possessive suffix '-vat'.

Note: Object of 'dveṣṭi'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of 'virurutsate' and 'dveṣṭi'.

द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - hates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dviṣ

Root 'dviṣ' (cl. 2, `dveṣṭi`/`dviṣate`).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine accusative singular.

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they call, they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of vac

Root 'vac' (cl. 2) with upasarga 'ā'. Irregular perfect `āha`/`āhuḥ` often used in a present sense.

Prefix: ā

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: This is often treated as a present tense in practice, though formally it is a perfect tense form.

पुरुषाधमम् (puruṣādhamam) - the lowest among men, meanest of men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣādhama

puruṣādhama - lowest of men, worst of men, mean man

Compound of 'puruṣa' (man) and 'adhama' (lowest, worst).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+adhama)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, worst, mean, vile
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate accusative of 'āhuḥ'.