महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-89, verse-12

ततो दुर्योधनः कृष्णमब्रवीद्राजसंसदि ।
मृदुपूर्वं शठोदर्कं कर्णमाभाष्य कौरवः ॥१२॥

12. tato duryodhanaḥ kṛṣṇamabravīdrājasaṁsadi ,
mṛdupūrvaṁ śaṭhodarkaṁ karṇamābhāṣya kauravaḥ.

12. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ kṛṣṇam abravīt rājasansadi
mṛdupūrvam śaṭhodarkam karṇam ābhāṣya kauravaḥ

12. Then Duryodhana, the Kuru, spoke to Kṛṣṇa in the assembly of kings, having first addressed Karṇa, with words that were initially mild but ultimately malicious.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, after that

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• राजसन्सदि (rājasansadi) - in the assembly of kings, in the royal court

• मृदुपूर्वम् (mṛdupūrvam) - initially mild (speech) (having a mild beginning, preceded by mildness)

• शठोदर्कम् (śaṭhodarkam) - ultimately malicious (speech) (having a malicious outcome/result, ending in treachery)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (a son of Kunti)

• आभाष्य (ābhāṣya) - having addressed, having spoken to

• कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - Duryodhana (a Kuru, descendant of Kuru)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, after that

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra)

कृष्णम् (kṛṣṇam) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; a name of Vishnu or Krishna

Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt'

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

राजसन्सदि (rājasansadi) - in the assembly of kings, in the royal court

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rājasansad

rājasansad - royal assembly, court of kings

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+sansad)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sansad – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)

मृदुपूर्वम् (mṛdupūrvam) - initially mild (speech) (having a mild beginning, preceded by mildness)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mṛdupūrva

mṛdupūrva - preceded by mildness, initially soft

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mṛdu+pūrva)

• mṛdu – soft, mild, gentle
  adjective (neuter)
• pūrva – previous, former, prior
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Describes the manner of speech, acting adverbially

शठोदर्कम् (śaṭhodarkam) - ultimately malicious (speech) (having a malicious outcome/result, ending in treachery)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaṭhodarka

śaṭhodarka - having a deceitful or malicious end

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śaṭha+udarka)

• śaṭha – deceitful, malicious, wicked
  adjective (neuter)
• udarka – consequence, result, future
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the manner of speech, acting adverbially

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (a son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karṇa (a character in Mahabharata)

Note: Object of the gerund 'ābhāṣya'

आभाष्य (ābhāṣya) - having addressed, having spoken to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'bhāṣ' with upasarga 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

कौरवः (kauravaḥ) - Duryodhana (a Kuru, descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kurus

Derived from Kuru

Note: Subject of the sentence, identifying Duryodhana