महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-178, verse-27

उद्यतेषुमथो दृष्ट्वा ब्राह्मणं क्षत्रबन्धुवत् ।
यो हन्यात्समरे क्रुद्धो युध्यन्तमपलायिनम् ।
ब्रह्महत्या न तस्य स्यादिति धर्मेषु निश्चयः ॥२७॥

27. udyateṣumatho dṛṣṭvā brāhmaṇaṁ kṣatrabandhuvat ,
yo hanyātsamare kruddho yudhyantamapalāyinam ,
brahmahatyā na tasya syāditi dharmeṣu niścayaḥ.

27. udyateṣum atho dṛṣṭvā brāhmaṇam
kṣatrabandhuvat yaḥ hanyāt samare kruddhaḥ
yudhyantam apalāyinam brahmahatyā
na tasya syāt iti dharmeṣu niścayaḥ

27. atho yaḥ kruddhaḥ samare yudhyantam apalāyinam udyateṣum kṣatrabandhuvat brāhmaṇam dṛṣṭvā hanyāt,
tasya brahmahatyā na syāt iti dharmeṣu niścayaḥ

27. If one sees a Brahmin who has taken up arms like a degenerate kṣatriya (kṣatrabandhu), and, enraged, kills him in battle while he is fighting and not fleeing, then the sin of killing a Brahmin (brahmahatyā) will not be incurred by him. This is the decided rule (dharma) among the laws (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• उद्यतेषुम् (udyateṣum) - with raised arrows, having arrows raised

• अथो (atho) - then, now, moreover

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin

• क्षत्रबन्धुवत् (kṣatrabandhuvat) - like a degenerate kṣatriya (like a kṣatrabandhu)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - may kill, should kill

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• युध्यन्तम् (yudhyantam) - fighting, warring

• अपलायिनम् (apalāyinam) - not fleeing, not retreating

• ब्रह्महत्या (brahmahatyā) - the sin of killing a Brahmin (brahmahatyā) (Brahmin-killing)

• न (na) - not, no

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of law (dharma) (in the laws, in the duties)

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - decision, ascertainment, certainty

Words meanings and morphology

उद्यतेषुम् (udyateṣum) - with raised arrows, having arrows raised

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyateṣu

udyateṣu - one who has raised arrows, having raised arrows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udyata+iṣu)

• udyata – raised, uplifted, prepared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam with prefix ud-
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

अथो (atho) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive form of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the Brahmin caste

क्षत्रबन्धुवत् (kṣatrabandhuvat) - like a degenerate kṣatriya (like a kṣatrabandhu)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat indicating similarity

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+bandhu)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion, kṣatriya caste
  noun (neuter)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - may kill, should kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry, provoked

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh

Root: krudh (class 4)

युध्यन्तम् (yudhyantam) - fighting, warring

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, warring, combatant

Present Active Participle

Derived from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

अपलायिनम् (apalāyinam) - not fleeing, not retreating

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apalāyin

apalāyin - not fleeing, not retreating

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+palāyin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• palāyin – fleeing, running away
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/participle
  Derived from root palā-i (to flee)
  Prefix: palā
  Root: i (class 2)

ब्रह्महत्या (brahmahatyā) - the sin of killing a Brahmin (brahmahatyā) (Brahmin-killing)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of brahmahatyā

brahmahatyā - murder of a Brahmin, the sin of killing a Brahmin

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+hatyā)

• brahman – Brahmin, ultimate reality (brahman)
  noun (masculine)
• hatyā – killing, murder
  noun (feminine)
  Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of law (dharma) (in the laws, in the duties)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - decision, ascertainment, certainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - decision, ascertainment, certainty, determination

Derived from root ci with prefix nis-

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)