महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-178, verse-19

तथा ब्रुवन्तं तमहं रामं परपुरंजयम् ।
नैतदेवं पुनर्भावि ब्रह्मर्षे किं श्रमेण ते ॥१९॥

19. tathā bruvantaṁ tamahaṁ rāmaṁ parapuraṁjayam ,
naitadevaṁ punarbhāvi brahmarṣe kiṁ śrameṇa te.

19. tathā bruvantam tam aham rāmam parapurañjayam na
etat evam punar bhāvi brahmarṣe kim śrameṇa te

19. aham parapurañjayam rāmam tathā bruvantam tam na
etat evam punar bhāvi brahmarṣe te śrameṇa kim

19. I said to Rāma, the conqueror of enemy cities, who was speaking in that manner: 'This will not happen again. O great sage (brahmarṣi), what is the point of your exertion?'

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• ब्रुवन्तम् (bruvantam) - speaking, telling

• तम् (tam) - him (Rāma) (him, that)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• परपुरञ्जयम् (parapurañjayam) - conqueror of enemy cities

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter/situation) (this)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• पुनर् (punar) - again, once more

• भावि (bhāvi) - will happen (will be, will happen, future)

• ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarṣi, O divine sage

• किम् (kim) - what is the use? (what? why? of what use?)

• श्रमेण (śrameṇa) - by effort, by exertion, by toil

• ते (te) - your, to you

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवन्तम् (bruvantam) - speaking, telling

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvant

bruvant - speaking, telling

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √brū (2P), 'to speak, say'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tam' and 'rāmam'.

तम् (tam) - him (Rāma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name); pleasing, charming

परपुरञ्जयम् (parapurañjayam) - conqueror of enemy cities

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parapurañjaya

parapurañjaya - conqueror of enemy cities

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+pura+jaya)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• pura – city, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquering, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ji (1P), 'to conquer'.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāmam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (matter/situation) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

पुनर् (punar) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

भावि (bhāvi) - will happen (will be, will happen, future)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhāvin

bhāvin - being, becoming, future, destined to be

Future Passive Participle (or similar sense)

Derived from the root √bhū (1P), 'to be, become'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate here, 'will be/happen'.

ब्रह्मर्षे (brahmarṣe) - O Brahmarṣi, O divine sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmarṣi

brahmarṣi - a Brahmin sage, a divine sage

Compound type : karmadharaya (brahman+ṛṣi)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, a priest, the Absolute (brahman)
  noun (neuter)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - what is the use? (what? why? of what use?)

(indeclinable)

श्रमेण (śrameṇa) - by effort, by exertion, by toil

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śrama

śrama - effort, exertion, toil, fatigue

Derived from root √śram (4P), 'to be weary, exert oneself'.

Root: śram (class 4)

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you