महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-178, verse-26

गुरुं न हन्यां समरे ब्राह्मणं च विशेषतः ।
विशेषतस्तपोवृद्धमेवं क्षान्तं मया तव ॥२६॥

26. guruṁ na hanyāṁ samare brāhmaṇaṁ ca viśeṣataḥ ,
viśeṣatastapovṛddhamevaṁ kṣāntaṁ mayā tava.

26. gurum na hanyām samare brāhmaṇam ca viśeṣataḥ
viśeṣataḥ tapovṛddham evam kṣāntam mayā tava

26. aham samare gurum na hanyām,
brāhmaṇam ca viśeṣataḥ,
viśeṣataḥ tapovṛddham (na hanyām).
evam (idam) tava mayā kṣāntam (asti)

26. I should not kill a guru (guru) in battle, and a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) even more so; particularly one who has matured through asceticism (tapas). It is for these reasons that I have thus shown you forbearance.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुम् (gurum) - a spiritual teacher (guru) (a guru, teacher)

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्याम् (hanyām) - I should kill, I ought to kill

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) (a brahmin)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

• तपोवृद्धम् (tapovṛddham) - one who has matured through asceticism (tapas) (one grown old in asceticism, one matured by penance)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

• क्षान्तम् (kṣāntam) - forgiven, endured, shown forbearance

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तव (tava) - your, to you

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुम् (gurum) - a spiritual teacher (guru) (a guru, teacher)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, venerable

Note: Direct object of 'hanyām'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्याम् (hanyām) - I should kill, I ought to kill

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin (brāhmaṇa) (a brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, belonging to Brahmā or the sacred knowledge

Derived from 'brahman'.

Note: Direct object of 'hanyām' (understood).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

(indeclinable)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for additional emphasis.

तपोवृद्धम् (tapovṛddham) - one who has matured through asceticism (tapas) (one grown old in asceticism, one matured by penance)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapovṛddha

tapovṛddha - grown old in asceticism, increased by penance, matured by austerities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vṛddha)

• tapas – heat, asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddha – grown, old, increased, matured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root 'vṛdh' (to grow, to increase).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'brāhmaṇam'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

क्षान्तम् (kṣāntam) - forgiven, endured, shown forbearance

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣānta

kṣānta - forgiven, endured, patient, showing forbearance

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'kṣam' (to be patient, to forgive).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the act of forgiveness/forbearance. Implicit subject is 'it' (this forbearance).

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'kṣāntam'.

तव (tava) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Functions as a dative 'to you' or genitive 'your (forbearance)'.