महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-178, verse-15

तमहं प्रणम्य शिरसा भूयो ब्राह्मणसत्तमम् ।
अब्रुवं कारणं किं तद्यत्त्वं योद्धुमिहेच्छसि ॥१५॥

15. tamahaṁ praṇamya śirasā bhūyo brāhmaṇasattamam ,
abruvaṁ kāraṇaṁ kiṁ tadyattvaṁ yoddhumihecchasi.

15. tam aham praṇamya śirasā bhūyaḥ brāhmaṇa-sattamam
abruvam kāraṇam kim tat yat tvam yoddhum iha icchasi

15. aham bhūyaḥ śirasā tam brāhmaṇa-sattamam praṇamya abruvam,
"tat kim kāraṇam yat tvam iha yoddhum icchasi?"

15. Again, I bowed my head to that best of brahmins and asked, "What is the reason that you wish to fight here?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अहम् (aham) - I

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed, after saluting

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with head

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, repeatedly

• ब्राह्मण-सत्तमम् (brāhmaṇa-sattamam) - best among brahmins

• अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said, I spoke

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, instrument

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?, whether

• तत् (tat) - that

• यत् (yat) - which, because, that

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight, for fighting

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed, after saluting

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root nam with prefix pra, used in absolutive sense.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मण-सत्तमम् (brāhmaṇa-sattamam) - best among brahmins

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa-sattama

brāhmaṇa-sattama - best of brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+sattama)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, relating to brahman
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good/existent)

Note: Refers to Parashurama.

अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said, I spoke

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause, instrument

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

किम् (kim) - what?, why?, whether

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an interrogative particle here.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यत् (yat) - which, because, that

(relative pronoun)

Note: Acts as conjunction "that" or "for which".

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

योद्धुम् (yoddhum) - to fight, for fighting

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of root yudh.

Root: yudh (class 4)

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)