महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-65, verse-30

रुरोद च भृशं राजन्वैदर्भी शोककर्शिता ।
दृष्ट्वा सुदेवं सहसा भ्रातुरिष्टं द्विजोत्तमम् ॥३०॥

30. ruroda ca bhṛśaṁ rājanvaidarbhī śokakarśitā ,
dṛṣṭvā sudevaṁ sahasā bhrāturiṣṭaṁ dvijottamam.

30. ruroda ca bhṛśaṃ rājan vaidarbhī śokakarśitā
dṛṣṭvā sudevaṃ sahasā bhrātuḥ iṣṭaṃ dvijottamam

30. And Vaidarbhī, overcome with sorrow, wept profusely, O king, upon suddenly seeing Sudeva, the most excellent brahmin who was dear to her brother.

30. הו מלך, וַידַרְבְּהִי, שהצער עיוות אותה, בכתה מאוד כשראתה לפתע את סוּדֵוַה, הבְּרַהְמִין המצטיין שאהוב על אחיה.

Words meanings summery:

• रुरोद (ruroda) - wept

• च (ca) - and

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, profusely

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• वैदर्भी (vaidarbhī) - referring to Damayantī, princess of Vidarbha (Vaidarbhī)

• शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief, overcome with sorrow

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

• सुदेवं (sudevaṁ) - Sudeva

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, at once, unexpectedly

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - referring to Damayantī's brother (of the brother)

• इष्टं (iṣṭaṁ) - dear to her brother (desired, dear, beloved)

• द्विजोत्तमम् (dvijottamam) - the best among twice-born, the most excellent brahmin

Words meanings and morphology

रुरोद (ruroda) - wept

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of rud

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root rud

Root: rud (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, profusely

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Null stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

वैदर्भी (vaidarbhī) - referring to Damayantī, princess of Vidarbha (Vaidarbhī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaidarbhī

vaidarbhī - a woman from Vidarbha; Damayantī

Feminine derivation from Vidarbha.

शोककर्शिता (śokakarśitā) - emaciated by grief, overcome with sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śokakarśita

śokakarśita - emaciated by grief, weakened by sorrow

Compound. 'Karśita' is PPP of 'kṛś' (to emaciate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+karśita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛś (to become thin, emaciated)
  Root: kṛś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Vaidarbhī.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, upon seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सुदेवं (sudevaṁ) - Sudeva

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudeva

sudeva - Sudeva (a proper name)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, at once, unexpectedly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of 'sahas' used adverbially.

Root: sah (class 1)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - referring to Damayantī's brother (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

ṛ-stem noun.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

इष्टं (iṣṭaṁ) - dear to her brother (desired, dear, beloved)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, liked, loved, worshipped, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root yaj (to sacrifice, worship) or iṣ (to wish, desire)

Root: iṣ / yaj (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Sudeva.

द्विजोत्तमम् (dvijottamam) - the best among twice-born, the most excellent brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best among the twice-born (dvija), best brahmin

Compound. 'Uttama' means 'best, highest'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born; a brahmin, kshatriya, or vaishya; a bird; a tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form from 'ud' (up) + 'tamap' suffix.

Note: Agrees with Sudeva.

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