महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-65, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
हृतराज्ये नले भीमः सभार्ये प्रेष्यतां गते ।
द्विजान्प्रस्थापयामास नलदर्शनकाङ्क्षया ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
hṛtarājye nale bhīmaḥ sabhārye preṣyatāṁ gate ,
dvijānprasthāpayāmāsa naladarśanakāṅkṣayā.

1. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca hṛtarājye nale bhīmaḥ sabhārye
preṣyatām gate dvijān prasthāpayāmāsa naladarśanakāṅkṣayā

1. Bṛhadaśva spoke: When Nala, along with his wife, had lost his kingdom and gone away, Bhīma dispatched Brahmins, motivated by the desire to see Nala.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• हृतराज्ये (hṛtarājye) - in the lost kingdom, when the kingdom was stolen

• नले (nale) - in Nala, when Nala

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - King Bhīma, Damayanti's father (Bhīma (name of a king))

• सभार्ये (sabhārye) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

• प्रेष्यताम् (preṣyatām) - to the state of being sent away, to departure

• गते (gate) - having gone, having reached, having departed

• द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins, twice-born ones

• प्रस्थापयामास (prasthāpayāmāsa) - he caused to depart, he sent forth

• नलदर्शनकाङ्क्षया (naladarśanakāṅkṣayā) - by the desire to see Nala, with the longing for Nala's sight

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage, lit. 'having great horses')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice. Reduplicated root.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Indicates the sage Bṛhadaśva is narrating.

हृतराज्ये (hṛtarājye) - in the lost kingdom, when the kingdom was stolen

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hṛtarājya

hṛtarājya - having lost the kingdom, kingdom lost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+rājya)

• hṛta – taken, stolen, lost, seized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛ (to take, steal) + kta (suffix for PPP).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• rājya – kingdom, reign, dominion
  noun (neuter)
  From rājan (king) + ya (suffix).

Note: Modifies 'nale' in a locative absolute construction.

नले (nale) - in Nala, when Nala

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king)

Root: nal (class 1)

Note: Subject of the locative absolute construction.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - King Bhīma, Damayanti's father (Bhīma (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful, formidable; Bhīma (name of a king, also one of the Pāṇḍavas)

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Damayanti's father.

सभार्ये (sabhārye) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - accompanied by one's wife, with wife

From sa (with) + bhāryā (wife).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• bhāryā – wife, spouse
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + ṇya (suffix for gerundive).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'nale' in a locative absolute construction.

प्रेष्यताम् (preṣyatām) - to the state of being sent away, to departure

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of preṣyatā

preṣyatā - state of being sent, being commissioned, departure

From pra + iṣ (to send) + tā (suffix for abstract noun).

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Accusative of goal for 'gate'.

गते (gate) - having gone, having reached, having departed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived at, attained, departed

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta (suffix for PPP).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction, modifying 'nale'.

द्विजान् (dvijān) - Brahmins, twice-born ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (epithet for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas; also bird, tooth)

From dvi (twice) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born) + a (suffix).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Direct object of 'prasthāpayāmāsa'.

प्रस्थापयामास (prasthāpayāmāsa) - he caused to depart, he sent forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prasthāpay

Causative Perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, causative perfect tense, active voice. From pra + sthā (to stand) + ṇic (causative) + āmāsa (perfect ending).

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The action performed by Bhīma.

नलदर्शनकाङ्क्षया (naladarśanakāṅkṣayā) - by the desire to see Nala, with the longing for Nala's sight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of naladarśanakāṅkṣā

naladarśanakāṅkṣā - desire to see Nala, longing for Nala's sight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nala+darśana+kāṅkṣā)

• nala – Nala (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• darśana – seeing, sight, vision
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun
  From root dṛś (to see) + ana (suffix).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• kāṅkṣā – desire, longing, wish
  noun (feminine)
  From root kāṅkṣ (to desire).
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the reason or means.