महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-65, verse-19

दुष्करं कुरुतेऽत्यर्थं हीनो यदनया नलः ।
धारयत्यात्मनो देहं न शोकेनावसीदति ॥१९॥

19. duṣkaraṁ kurute'tyarthaṁ hīno yadanayā nalaḥ ,
dhārayatyātmano dehaṁ na śokenāvasīdati.

19. duṣkaram kurute atyartham hīnaḥ yat anayā nalaḥ
dhārayati ātmanaḥ deham na śokena avasīdati

19. What Nala does is extremely difficult; for though he is deprived of her, he sustains his own body and does not succumb to grief.

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - an extremely difficult feat (difficult to do, arduous, hard to accomplish)

• कुरुते (kurute) - he performs, he does (he does, performs, makes)

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - extremely (exceedingly, very much, greatly)

• हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived (of Damayantī) (deprived, lacking, abandoned)

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause explaining the difficult feat) (that, which, because)

• अनया (anayā) - by her (Damayantī) (by this (feminine), with this)

• नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

• धारयति (dhārayati) - he sustains (he sustains, holds, bears)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own (ātman) (of the self (ātman), his own)

• देहम् (deham) - body

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शोकेन (śokena) - by (due to) sorrow (by sorrow, by grief)

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - he succumbs to grief, he despairs (he sinks, becomes dejected, despairs)

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - an extremely difficult feat (difficult to do, arduous, hard to accomplish)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous, impossible, hard to accomplish

From dus (bad, difficult) + kara (doing, making, from kṛ)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, causing, hand
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kṛ (to do, make) with a suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of kurute.

कुरुते (kurute) - he performs, he does (he does, performs, makes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Middle

Class 8 Ātmanepada verb.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is nalaḥ.

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - extremely (exceedingly, very much, greatly)

(indeclinable)

From ati (over, beyond) + artha (meaning, purpose, wealth); used adverbially.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, object, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying duṣkaram.

हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived (of Damayantī) (deprived, lacking, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deprived, lacking, abandoned, left without, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From root hā (to abandon, leave) + kta suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Refers to Nala.

यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause explaining the difficult feat) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular. Also used as a conjunction.

Note: Acts as a subordinating conjunction, introducing a clause explaining "duṣkaram".

अनया (anayā) - by her (Damayantī) (by this (feminine), with this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agent of hīnaḥ. Refers to Damayantī.

नलः (nalaḥ) - King Nala (Nala (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (name of a king, a species of reed)

Note: Subject of kurute, dhārayati, and avasīdati.

धारयति (dhārayati) - he sustains (he sustains, holds, bears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Present Active

Class 10 Parasmaipada verb (causative stem of dhṛ).

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

Note: Subject is nalaḥ.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of his own (ātman) (of the self (ātman), his own)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind (ātman)

Root: an

Note: Possessive adjective for deham.

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

Root: dih (class 1)

Note: Object of dhārayati.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates avasīdati.

शोकेन (śokena) - by (due to) sorrow (by sorrow, by grief)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

From root śuc (to mourn, grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Denotes the cause of not succumbing.

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - he succumbs to grief, he despairs (he sinks, becomes dejected, despairs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

Present Active

From ava (down) + root sad (to sit, sink). Class 1 Parasmaipada verb.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject is nalaḥ.