महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-65, verse-18

भर्ता नाम परं नार्या भूषणं भूषणैर्विना ।
एषा विरहिता तेन शोभनापि न शोभते ॥१८॥

18. bhartā nāma paraṁ nāryā bhūṣaṇaṁ bhūṣaṇairvinā ,
eṣā virahitā tena śobhanāpi na śobhate.

18. bhartā nāma param nāryāḥ bhūṣaṇam bhūṣaṇaiḥ
vinā eṣā virahitā tena śobhanā api na śobhate

18. For a woman, her husband is truly the supreme ornament, even without any other adornments. This woman, deprived of him, does not shine, even though she is beautiful.

Words meanings summery:

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, maintainer, supporter)

• नाम (nāma) - truly, indeed (indeed, truly, verily)

• परम् (param) - supreme, best (supreme, highest, best)

• नार्याः (nāryāḥ) - of a woman

• भूषणम् (bhūṣaṇam) - ornament (ornament, adornment)

• भूषणैः (bhūṣaṇaiḥ) - by (other) ornaments (by ornaments, with adornments)

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except, apart from)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (woman, referring to Damayantī) (this (feminine))

• विरहिता (virahitā) - deprived of (her husband) (separated, deprived of, abandoned)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Nala) (by him, by that, by it)

• शोभना (śobhanā) - beautiful (beautiful, radiant, auspicious)

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, though)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शोभते (śobhate) - does not shine, is not beautiful (shines, is beautiful, appears well)

Words meanings and morphology

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, maintainer, supporter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, maintainer, supporter, lord

Agent noun from root bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

नाम (nāma) - truly, indeed (indeed, truly, verily)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - supreme, best (supreme, highest, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, best, ultimate, excellent, other, next

Note: Used adverbially here to qualify the noun bhūṣaṇam.

नार्याः (nāryāḥ) - of a woman

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, wife, female

Root: nṛ

भूषणम् (bhūṣaṇam) - ornament (ornament, adornment)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhūṣaṇa

bhūṣaṇa - ornament, adornment, decoration, embellishment

From root bhūṣ (to adorn)

Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

भूषणैः (bhūṣaṇaiḥ) - by (other) ornaments (by ornaments, with adornments)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bhūṣaṇa

bhūṣaṇa - ornament, adornment, decoration, embellishment

From root bhūṣ (to adorn)

Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

विना (vinā) - without (without, except, apart from)

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - this (woman, referring to Damayantī) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to Damayantī.

विरहिता (virahitā) - deprived of (her husband) (separated, deprived of, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of virahita

virahita - separated, deprived of, abandoned, lonely

Past Passive Participle

From vi-rah (to abandon, to be without), with kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Refers to Damayantī.

तेन (tena) - by him (Nala) (by him, by that, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Nala, her husband.

शोभना (śobhanā) - beautiful (beautiful, radiant, auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śobhana

śobhana - beautiful, radiant, auspicious, shining, good

From root śubh (to shine, be beautiful)

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Damayantī.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, though)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शोभते (śobhate) - does not shine, is not beautiful (shines, is beautiful, appears well)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śubh

Present Middle

Class 1 Ātmanepada verb

Root: śubh (class 1)