महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-4

ननु नाम महाराज धर्मज्ञः सत्यवागसि ।
कथमुक्त्वा तथासत्यं सुप्तामुत्सृज्य मां गतः ॥४॥

4. nanu nāma mahārāja dharmajñaḥ satyavāgasi ,
kathamuktvā tathāsatyaṁ suptāmutsṛjya māṁ gataḥ.

4. nanu nāma mahārāja dharmajñaḥ satyavāk asi katham
uktvā tathā asatyam suptām utsṛjya mām gataḥ

4. Surely, O great king, you are known as one who understands righteousness (dharma) and speaks the truth. How could you, having spoken such a falsehood, abandon me while I was asleep and then depart?

4. הרי אתה, הו מלך גדול, יודע את חוקת היושר ודובר אמת. איך אחרי שאמרת לי כך דברי אמת, עזבת אותי כשהייתי ישנה והלכת?

Words meanings summery:

• ननु (nanu) - surely, indeed, is it not?

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, it is said

• महाराज (mahārāja) - great king

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness, one who knows natural law

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaker, truthful in speech

• असि (asi) - you are

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• असत्यम् (asatyam) - falsehood, untruth

• सुप्ताम् (suptām) - me, while I was asleep (sleeping, asleep)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• माम् (mām) - me

• गतः (gataḥ) - you (masculine singular), departed (gone, departed)

Words meanings and morphology

ननु (nanu) - surely, indeed, is it not?

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, it is said

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty, eminent
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign, prince
  noun (masculine)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness, one who knows natural law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma (righteousness, natural law), virtuous

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, knower of
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaker, truthful in speech

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful, speaking truth

Compound type : karmadhāraya (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real, sincere
  adjective (neuter)
• vāc – speech, word, voice, language
  noun (feminine)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active

2nd conjugation, parasmaipada, present tense, 2nd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

असत्यम् (asatyam) - falsehood, untruth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asatya

asatya - untruth, falsehood, false

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+satya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• satya – truth, true, real, sincere
  adjective (neuter)

सुप्ताम् (suptām) - me, while I was asleep (sleeping, asleep)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, unconscious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root svap (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 2)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

गतः (gataḥ) - you (masculine singular), departed (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

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