महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-4

ननु नाम महाराज धर्मज्ञः सत्यवागसि ।
कथमुक्त्वा तथासत्यं सुप्तामुत्सृज्य मां गतः ॥४॥

4. nanu nāma mahārāja dharmajñaḥ satyavāgasi ,
kathamuktvā tathāsatyaṁ suptāmutsṛjya māṁ gataḥ.

4. nanu nāma mahārāja dharmajñaḥ satyavāk asi katham
uktvā tathā asatyam suptām utsṛjya mām gataḥ

4. Surely, O great king, you are known as one who understands righteousness (dharma) and speaks the truth. How could you, having spoken such a falsehood, abandon me while I was asleep and then depart?

Words meanings summery:

• ननु (nanu) - surely, indeed, is it not?

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, it is said

• महाराज (mahārāja) - great king

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness, one who knows natural law

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaker, truthful in speech

• असि (asi) - you are

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• असत्यम् (asatyam) - falsehood, untruth

• सुप्ताम् (suptām) - me, while I was asleep (sleeping, asleep)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• माम् (mām) - me

• गतः (gataḥ) - you (masculine singular), departed (gone, departed)

Words meanings and morphology

ननु (nanu) - surely, indeed, is it not?

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, it is said

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large, mighty, eminent
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign, prince
  noun (masculine)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of righteousness, one who knows natural law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma (righteousness, natural law), virtuous

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, knower of
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truth-speaker, truthful in speech

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful, speaking truth

Compound type : karmadhāraya (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real, sincere
  adjective (neuter)
• vāc – speech, word, voice, language
  noun (feminine)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

present active

2nd conjugation, parasmaipada, present tense, 2nd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

असत्यम् (asatyam) - falsehood, untruth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asatya

asatya - untruth, falsehood, false

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+satya)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• satya – truth, true, real, sincere
  adjective (neuter)

सुप्ताम् (suptām) - me, while I was asleep (sleeping, asleep)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, unconscious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root svap (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 2)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

गतः (gataḥ) - you (masculine singular), departed (gone, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)