महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-15

यस्याभिशापाद्दुःखार्तो दुःखं विन्दति नैषधः ।
तस्य भूतस्य तद्दुःखाद्दुःखमभ्यधिकं भवेत् ॥१५॥

15. yasyābhiśāpādduḥkhārto duḥkhaṁ vindati naiṣadhaḥ ,
tasya bhūtasya tadduḥkhādduḥkhamabhyadhikaṁ bhavet.

15. yasya abhiśāpāt duḥkhārtaḥ duḥkham vindati naiṣadhaḥ
tasya bhūtasya tat duḥkhāt duḥkham abhyadhikam bhavet

15. The sorrow of that being, from whose curse the King of Niṣadha (Nala) is distressed and experiences suffering, would be even greater than Nala's own suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

• अभिशापात् (abhiśāpāt) - from a curse, due to a curse

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by misery

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• विन्दति (vindati) - finds, obtains, experiences

• नैषधः (naiṣadhaḥ) - King Nala, who is from the Niṣadha kingdom (the king of Niṣadha)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

• भूतस्य (bhūtasya) - Refers to the person who cursed Nala (of the being, of the creature)

• तत् (tat) - referring to Nala's sorrow (that, his)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - than Nala's sorrow (from sorrow, than sorrow)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - greater, excessive, more abundant

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, might be, should be

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom, of which

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

अभिशापात् (abhiśāpāt) - from a curse, due to a curse

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of abhiśāpa

abhiśāpa - curse, imprecation

Derived from root śap- 'to curse' with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: śap (class 1)

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by pain, distressed by sorrow

Compound of duḥkha and ārta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ- 'to go, move' (often with prefix ā-) or from ṛdh- 'to suffer'
  Root: ṛ

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering

विन्दति (vindati) - finds, obtains, experiences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active Indicative

From root vid- (class 6)

Root: vid (class 6)

नैषधः (naiṣadhaḥ) - King Nala, who is from the Niṣadha kingdom (the king of Niṣadha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naiṣadha

naiṣadha - belonging to Niṣadha, an inhabitant of Niṣadha, King Nala

Derivative of Niṣadha (kingdom)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भूतस्य (bhūtasya) - Refers to the person who cursed Nala (of the being, of the creature)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū- 'to be, become'

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - referring to Nala's sorrow (that, his)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Here acting as a demonstrative adjective for 'duḥkhāt'.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - than Nala's sorrow (from sorrow, than sorrow)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering

Note: Used in comparison with 'abhyadhikam'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering

Note: Subject of the sentence 'would be greater'.

अभ्यधिकम् (abhyadhikam) - greater, excessive, more abundant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - greater, excessive, superior, more

Compound of abhi and adhika

Compound type : karmadhāraya (abhi+adhika)

• abhi – towards, over, above, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Prefix here, intensifying 'adhika'.
• adhika – excessive, greater, additional, superior
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from adhi + root 'iṣ' or similar
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Predicative adjective for 'duḥkham'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, might be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

From root bhū- (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)