महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-11

कथं नु राजंस्तृषितः क्षुधितः श्रमकर्शितः ।
सायाह्ने वृक्षमूलेषु मामपश्यन्भविष्यसि ॥११॥

11. kathaṁ nu rājaṁstṛṣitaḥ kṣudhitaḥ śramakarśitaḥ ,
sāyāhne vṛkṣamūleṣu māmapaśyanbhaviṣyasi.

11. katham nu rājan tṛṣitaḥ kṣudhitaḥ śramakarśitaḥ
sāyāhne vṛkṣamūleṣu mām apaśyan bhaviṣyasi

11. O king, how will you be in the evening, thirsty, hungry, and worn out by toil, under the trees, without seeing me?

11. הו מלך, איך תהיה כשתהיה צמא ורעב ותשוש מעייפות, וכשבערב תשב למרגלות העצים ולא תראה אותי?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what manner)

• नु (nu) - indeed (an interrogative particle emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, surely, interrogative particle)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressed to Nala) (O king)

• तृषितः (tṛṣitaḥ) - being thirsty (thirsty, parched)

• क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - being hungry (hungry, famished)

• श्रमकर्शितः (śramakarśitaḥ) - exhausted by toil (emaciated/weakened by fatigue/toil)

• सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening (in the evening, at sunset)

• वृक्षमूलेषु (vṛkṣamūleṣu) - under trees (at the roots of trees, under trees)

• माम् (mām) - me (Damayantī) (me)

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - without seeing (me) (not seeing, not perceiving)

• भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will be (you will be, you will become)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (an interrogative particle emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, surely, interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressed to Nala) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: The form 'rājan' is the vocative singular. The nominative singular is 'rājā'.

तृषितः (tṛṣitaḥ) - being thirsty (thirsty, parched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṣita

tṛṣita - thirsty, parched, desirous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √tṛṣ (to thirst) + -ita suffix.

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - being hungry (hungry, famished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √kṣudh (to be hungry) + -ita suffix.

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

श्रमकर्शितः (śramakarśitaḥ) - exhausted by toil (emaciated/weakened by fatigue/toil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śramakarśita

śramakarśita - emaciated/weakened by fatigue/toil

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+karśita)

• śrama – toil, fatigue, exertion, effort
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, worn out
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √kṛś (to emaciate, to become lean) + -ita suffix.
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening (in the evening, at sunset)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāyāhna

sāyāhna - evening, afternoon

Note: Denotes time.

वृक्षमूलेषु (vṛkṣamūleṣu) - under trees (at the roots of trees, under trees)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vṛkṣamūla

vṛkṣamūla - root of a tree

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+mūla)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root, base, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes location.

माम् (mām) - me (Damayantī) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us (first person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'apaśyan'.

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - without seeing (me) (not seeing, not perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, not looking, unseeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see) with the prefix 'a-' (negation) and present active participle suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will be (you will be, you will become)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

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