महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-11

कथं नु राजंस्तृषितः क्षुधितः श्रमकर्शितः ।
सायाह्ने वृक्षमूलेषु मामपश्यन्भविष्यसि ॥११॥

11. kathaṁ nu rājaṁstṛṣitaḥ kṣudhitaḥ śramakarśitaḥ ,
sāyāhne vṛkṣamūleṣu māmapaśyanbhaviṣyasi.

11. katham nu rājan tṛṣitaḥ kṣudhitaḥ śramakarśitaḥ
sāyāhne vṛkṣamūleṣu mām apaśyan bhaviṣyasi

11. O king, how will you be in the evening, thirsty, hungry, and worn out by toil, under the trees, without seeing me?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what manner)

• नु (nu) - indeed (an interrogative particle emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, surely, interrogative particle)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressed to Nala) (O king)

• तृषितः (tṛṣitaḥ) - being thirsty (thirsty, parched)

• क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - being hungry (hungry, famished)

• श्रमकर्शितः (śramakarśitaḥ) - exhausted by toil (emaciated/weakened by fatigue/toil)

• सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening (in the evening, at sunset)

• वृक्षमूलेषु (vṛkṣamūleṣu) - under trees (at the roots of trees, under trees)

• माम् (mām) - me (Damayantī) (me)

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - without seeing (me) (not seeing, not perceiving)

• भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will be (you will be, you will become)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (an interrogative particle emphasizing the question) (indeed, now, surely, interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressed to Nala) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: The form 'rājan' is the vocative singular. The nominative singular is 'rājā'.

तृषितः (tṛṣitaḥ) - being thirsty (thirsty, parched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṣita

tṛṣita - thirsty, parched, desirous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √tṛṣ (to thirst) + -ita suffix.

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

क्षुधितः (kṣudhitaḥ) - being hungry (hungry, famished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √kṣudh (to be hungry) + -ita suffix.

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

श्रमकर्शितः (śramakarśitaḥ) - exhausted by toil (emaciated/weakened by fatigue/toil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śramakarśita

śramakarśita - emaciated/weakened by fatigue/toil

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+karśita)

• śrama – toil, fatigue, exertion, effort
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• karśita – emaciated, weakened, worn out
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √kṛś (to emaciate, to become lean) + -ita suffix.
  Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

सायाह्ने (sāyāhne) - in the evening (in the evening, at sunset)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāyāhna

sāyāhna - evening, afternoon

Note: Denotes time.

वृक्षमूलेषु (vṛkṣamūleṣu) - under trees (at the roots of trees, under trees)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vṛkṣamūla

vṛkṣamūla - root of a tree

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛkṣa+mūla)

• vṛkṣa – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mūla – root, base, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes location.

माम् (mām) - me (Damayantī) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us (first person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'apaśyan'.

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - without seeing (me) (not seeing, not perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, not looking, unseeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √dṛś (to see) with the prefix 'a-' (negation) and present active participle suffix.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you' (rājan).

भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will be (you will be, you will become)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)