महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-14

सा तीव्रशोकसंतप्ता मुहुर्निःश्वस्य विह्वला ।
उवाच भैमी निष्क्रम्य रोदमाना पतिव्रता ॥१४॥

14. sā tīvraśokasaṁtaptā muhurniḥśvasya vihvalā ,
uvāca bhaimī niṣkramya rodamānā pativratā.

14. sā tīvraśokasaṃtaptā muhuḥ niḥśvasya vihvalā
uvāca bhaimī niṣkramya rodamānā pativratā

14. She, Bhīmī, the chaste wife (pativratā), greatly distressed by intense sorrow, bewildered, and repeatedly sighing, then stepping out, spoke while weeping.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she (Damayantī) (she, that (feminine))

• तीव्रशोकसंतप्ता (tīvraśokasaṁtaptā) - greatly distressed by intense sorrow

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - repeatedly sighing (having sighed, after sighing)

• विह्वला (vihvalā) - bewildered (bewildered, agitated, confused)

• उवाच (uvāca) - she spoke (she said, she spoke)

• भैमी (bhaimī) - Bhīmī (Damayantī) (daughter of Bhīma, Bhīmī (Damayantī))

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having stepped out (having gone out, having departed)

• रोदमाना (rodamānā) - while weeping (weeping, crying)

• पतिव्रता (pativratā) - the chaste wife (pativratā) (devoted to husband, chaste wife)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she (Damayantī) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to Damayantī.

तीव्रशोकसंतप्ता (tīvraśokasaṁtaptā) - greatly distressed by intense sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tīvraśokasaṃtapta

tīvraśokasaṁtapta - greatly distressed/tormented by intense sorrow

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīvra+śoka+saṃtapta)

• tīvra – intense, sharp, severe
  adjective
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √śuc (to grieve, to sorrow).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtapta – tormented, distressed, heated, afflicted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √tap (to heat, to torment) with the prefix 'sam-'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sā'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (repeatedly, again and again)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'niḥśvasya'.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - repeatedly sighing (having sighed, after sighing)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Derived from the root √śvas (to breathe, to sigh) with the prefix 'nis-' and the gerund suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Describes an action preceding the main verb.

विह्वला (vihvalā) - bewildered (bewildered, agitated, confused)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihvala

vihvala - bewildered, agitated, confused, distracted

Note: Qualifies 'sā'.

उवाच (uvāca) - she spoke (she said, she spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, parasmaipada, 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भैमी (bhaimī) - Bhīmī (Damayantī) (daughter of Bhīma, Bhīmī (Damayantī))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhaimī

bhaimī - daughter of Bhīma, Damayantī

Note: Refers to Damayantī.

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having stepped out (having gone out, having departed)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Derived from the root √kram (to step, to go) with the prefix 'nis-' and the gerund suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Describes an action preceding the main verb.

रोदमाना (rodamānā) - while weeping (weeping, crying)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rodamāna

rodamāna - weeping, crying

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root √rud (to weep, to cry) + present middle participle suffix '-māna'.

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'sā', describes simultaneous action.

पतिव्रता (pativratā) - the chaste wife (pativratā) (devoted to husband, chaste wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pativratā

pativratā - devoted to husband, chaste wife, loyal wife

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pati+vrata)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'sā/bhaimī'.