महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-60, verse-1

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
अपक्रान्ते नले राजन्दमयन्ती गतक्लमा ।
अबुध्यत वरारोहा संत्रस्ता विजने वने ॥१॥

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
apakrānte nale rājandamayantī gataklamā ,
abudhyata varārohā saṁtrastā vijane vane.

1. bṛhadaśva uvāca apakrānte nale rājan damayantī
gatāklamā abudhyata varārohā saṃtrastā vijane vane

1. Bṛhadaśva said: 'O King, after Nala had departed, Damayantī, the beautiful lady, her weariness dispelled, awoke, terrified in the solitary forest.'

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्व (bṛhadaśva) - Sage Bṛhadaśva (Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अपक्रान्ते (apakrānte) - after the departure (of Nala) (having departed, having gone away)

• नले (nale) - after Nala's departure (in Nala, of Nala)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing the listener, possibly Janamejaya or Yudhiṣṭhira in the broader Mahābhārata narrative) (O king)

• दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayantī (Damayantī (name of Nala's wife))

• गताक्लमा (gatāklamā) - with her weariness dispelled (whose weariness is gone, refreshed)

• अबुध्यत (abudhyata) - awoke (awoke, became aware, perceived)

• वरारोहा (varārohā) - the beautiful lady (Damayantī) (having beautiful hips, a beautiful lady)

• संत्रस्ता (saṁtrastā) - terrified (terrified, frightened, alarmed)

• विजने (vijane) - in the solitary (forest) (in a solitary, deserted place)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wood)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्व (bṛhadaśva) - Sage Bṛhadaśva (Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - Bṛhadaśva (name of a sage, literally 'having great horses')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast
  adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect Tense, Third Person Singular

Reduplicated root

Root: vac (class 2)

अपक्रान्ते (apakrānte) - after the departure (of Nala) (having departed, having gone away)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of apakrānta

apakrānta - departed, gone away, withdrawn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'nale'.

नले (nale) - after Nala's departure (in Nala, of Nala)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - Nala (a king, hero of the Nalopakhyana)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'apakrānte'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king (addressing the listener, possibly Janamejaya or Yudhiṣṭhira in the broader Mahābhārata narrative) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

दमयन्ती (damayantī) - Damayantī (Damayantī (name of Nala's wife))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of damayantī

damayantī - Damayantī (name of Nala's wife, heroine of the Nalopakhyana)

गताक्लमा (gatāklamā) - with her weariness dispelled (whose weariness is gone, refreshed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gatāklamā

gatāklamā - whose weariness is gone, refreshed, with fatigue removed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+klama)

• gata – gone, departed, past
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• klama – weariness, exhaustion, fatigue
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'damayantī'.

अबुध्यत (abudhyata) - awoke (awoke, became aware, perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √budh

Imperfect Tense, Third Person Singular

Ātmanepada form

Root: budh (class 4)

वरारोहा (varārohā) - the beautiful lady (Damayantī) (having beautiful hips, a beautiful lady)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of varārohā

varārohā - having beautiful hips/thighs, a beautiful woman, excellent-hipped

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vara+āroha)

• vara – excellent, best, finest
  adjective (masculine)
• āroha – hip, buttock, thigh
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'damayantī'.

संत्रस्ता (saṁtrastā) - terrified (terrified, frightened, alarmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √tras (to tremble, fear) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'damayantī'.

विजने (vijane) - in the solitary (forest) (in a solitary, deserted place)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vijana

vijana - solitary, deserted, private, lonely, without people

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+jana)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vane'.

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket