महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-46, verse-23

कैरातं वेषमास्थाय योधयामास फल्गुनम् ।
जिज्ञासुः सर्वदेवेशः कपर्दी भगवान्स्वयम् ॥२३॥

23. kairātaṁ veṣamāsthāya yodhayāmāsa phalgunam ,
jijñāsuḥ sarvadeveśaḥ kapardī bhagavānsvayam.

23. kairātam veṣam āsthāya yodhayāmāsa phālgunam
jijñāsuḥ sarvadeveśaḥ kapardī bhagavān svayam

23. Assuming the disguise of a hunter (kirāta), Bhagavān Kapardī (Śiva) himself, the lord of all gods, desiring to test Phalguna (Arjuna), fought with him.

Words meanings summery:

• कैरातम् (kairātam) - related to a Kirāta, of a Kirāta, belonging to a hunter

• वेषम् (veṣam) - disguise, dress, form

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having assumed, having adopted, having taken up

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight

• फाल्गुनम् (phālgunam) - Phalguna (Arjuna)

• जिज्ञासुः (jijñāsuḥ) - desirous of knowing, wishing to test

• सर्वदेवेशः (sarvadeveśaḥ) - an epithet of Śiva (lord of all gods)

• कपर्दी (kapardī) - Kapardī (an epithet of Śiva, referring to his matted hair)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - refers to Śiva (the divine one, the Lord, the adorable one)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, himself

Words meanings and morphology

कैरातम् (kairātam) - related to a Kirāta, of a Kirāta, belonging to a hunter

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kairāta

kairāta - relating to the Kirātas (a mountain tribe of hunters), of a hunter

Derived from 'Kirāta' (name of a mountain tribe/hunter).

वेषम् (veṣam) - disguise, dress, form

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of veṣa

veṣa - dress, attire, disguise, appearance

Derived from the root 'viṣ' (to enter, to clothe).

Root: viṣ (class 6)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having assumed, having adopted, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'sthā' (to stand) with the prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - he fought, he caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Periphrastic Perfect (lit) of yodhayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect of the causative of the root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

फाल्गुनम् (phālgunam) - Phalguna (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phālguna

phālguna - Phalguna (an epithet of Arjuna)

जिज्ञासुः (jijñāsuḥ) - desirous of knowing, wishing to test

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jijñāsu

jijñāsu - desirous of knowing, inquisitive, wishing to test

Desiderative Agent Noun

Derived from the desiderative stem of the root 'jñā' (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्वदेवेशः (sarvadeveśaḥ) - an epithet of Śiva (lord of all gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvadeveśa

sarvadeveśa - lord of all gods

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sarva+deva+īśa)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कपर्दी (kapardī) - Kapardī (an epithet of Śiva, referring to his matted hair)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapardin

kapardin - having matted hair, wearing matted hair (an epithet of Śiva)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - refers to Śiva (the divine one, the Lord, the adorable one)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, holy, adorable, venerable; the Lord (used for deities like Vishnu, Krishna, Śiva)

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, himself

(indeclinable)