महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-268, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
प्रभूतान्नोदके तस्मिन्बहुमूलफले वने ।
सेनां निवेश्य काकुत्स्थो विधिवत्पर्यरक्षत ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
prabhūtānnodake tasminbahumūlaphale vane ,
senāṁ niveśya kākutstho vidhivatparyarakṣata.

1. Mārkaṇḍeya uvāca prabhūtānnodake tasmin bahumūlaphale
vane senām niveśya Kākutsthaḥ vidhivat paryarakṣata

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Rāma, the descendant of Kakutstha, having encamped his army in that forest—which was rich with abundant food and water, and many roots and fruits—guarded it meticulously, observing all regulations.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (He) said (said, spoke)

• प्रभूतान्नोदके (prabhūtānnodake) - in that forest, which had abundant food and water (in the one with abundant food and water)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (forest) (in that)

• बहुमूलफले (bahumūlaphale) - in that forest, which had many roots and fruits (in the one with many roots and fruits)

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• सेनाम् (senām) - his army (army, host)

• निवेश्य (niveśya) - having encamped (the army) (having caused to enter, having stationed, having encamped)

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rāma, the descendant of Kakutstha (descendant of Kakutstha)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - in accordance with established rules and procedures (according to rule, properly, methodically)

• पर्यरक्षत (paryarakṣata) - he protected (the army and camp) (he protected, he guarded around)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - The sage Mārkaṇḍeya (Mārkaṇḍeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Mārkaṇḍeya

Mārkaṇḍeya - Name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - (He) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation from root vac (Class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रभूतान्नोदके (prabhūtānnodake) - in that forest, which had abundant food and water (in the one with abundant food and water)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of prabhūtānnodaka

prabhūtānnodaka - having abundant food and water

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prabhūta+anna+udaka)

• prabhūta – abundant, plentiful, much
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-√bhū (to be, to exist)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• anna – food, grain
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ad (class 2)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (forest) (in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

बहुमूलफले (bahumūlaphale) - in that forest, which had many roots and fruits (in the one with many roots and fruits)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of bahumūlaphala

bahumūlaphala - having many roots and fruits

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+mūla+phala)

• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective (neuter)
• mūla – root, basis
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result
  noun (neuter)

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood

सेनाम् (senām) - his army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host

निवेश्य (niveśya) - having encamped (the army) (having caused to enter, having stationed, having encamped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ni-√viś (to enter) with causative sense, forming an absolutive with -ya suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rāma, the descendant of Kakutstha (descendant of Kakutstha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Kākutstha

Kākutstha - Descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet of Rāma)

A patronymic formed from Kakutstha

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - in accordance with established rules and procedures (according to rule, properly, methodically)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat indicating 'like, according to'

पर्यरक्षत (paryarakṣata) - he protected (the army and camp) (he protected, he guarded around)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-rakṣ

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From pari-√rakṣ (Class 1), augmented imperfect form

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)