महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-268, verse-26

उत्पतद्भिः पतद्भिश्च निपतद्भिश्च वानरैः ।
नादृश्यत तदा सूर्यो रजसा नाशितप्रभः ॥२६॥

26. utpatadbhiḥ patadbhiśca nipatadbhiśca vānaraiḥ ,
nādṛśyata tadā sūryo rajasā nāśitaprabhaḥ.

26. utpatadbhiḥ patadbhiḥ ca nipatadbhiḥ ca vānaraiḥ
na adṛśyata tadā sūryaḥ rajasā nāśitaprabhaḥ

26. With monkeys leaping up, descending, and swooping down, the sun was not visible at that time, its radiance obscured by dust.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्पतद्भिः (utpatadbhiḥ) - by those leaping up, by those rising

• पतद्भिः (patadbhiḥ) - by those descending, by those falling

• च (ca) - and

• निपतद्भिः (nipatadbhiḥ) - by those swooping down, by those falling down

• च (ca) - and

• वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys

• न (na) - not, no

• अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by dirt

• नाशितप्रभः (nāśitaprabhaḥ) - whose light was obscured, whose splendor was destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

उत्पतद्भिः (utpatadbhiḥ) - by those leaping up, by those rising

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of utpatat

patat - leaping, flying, rising (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

derived from root `pat` with upasarga `ut`

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: modifies 'vānaraiḥ'

पतद्भिः (patadbhiḥ) - by those descending, by those falling

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patat

patat - falling, flying, descending (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

derived from root `pat`

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: modifies 'vānaraiḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

निपतद्भिः (nipatadbhiḥ) - by those swooping down, by those falling down

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nipatat

patat - falling, flying, descending (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

derived from root `pat` with upasarga `ni`

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: modifies 'vānaraiḥ'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अदृश्यत (adṛśyata) - was seen, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect passive 3rd singular

a- augment, root dṛś, -ya (passive marker), -ta ending

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Root: sūr

Note: subject of 'adṛśyata'

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by dirt

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, vital fluid, passion (guṇa)

Root: raj (class 1)

Note: means by which light was obscured

नाशितप्रभः (nāśitaprabhaḥ) - whose light was obscured, whose splendor was destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāśitaprabha

nāśitaprabha - having obscured light, having destroyed splendor

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nāśita+prabha)

• nāśita – destroyed, ruined, obscured (past passive participle)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from causative root `nāś` (from `naś`)
  Root: naś (class 4)
• prabha – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: modifies 'sūryaḥ'