महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-268, verse-31

प्राकारस्थाश्च ये केचिन्निशाचरगणास्तदा ।
प्रदुद्रुवुस्ते शतशः कपिभिः समभिद्रुताः ॥३१॥

31. prākārasthāśca ye kecinniśācaragaṇāstadā ,
pradudruvuste śataśaḥ kapibhiḥ samabhidrutāḥ.

31. prākārasthāḥ ca ye kecit niśācaragaṇāḥ tadā
pradudruvuḥ te śataśaḥ kapibhiḥ samabhidrutāḥ

31. And then, whatever groups of night-roamers (niśācaragaṇāḥ) were stationed on the ramparts, they fled by the hundreds, assailed by the monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राकारस्थाः (prākārasthāḥ) - those standing on the ramparts, rampart-dwellers

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• ये (ye) - who, which, those who

• केचित् (kecit) - some, any, whoever

• निशाचरगणाः (niśācaragaṇāḥ) - Refers to groups of demons. (groups of night-wanderers, hordes of rākṣasas)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

• ते (te) - Refers to the night-wanderers (rākṣasas). (they, those)

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

• कपिभिः (kapibhiḥ) - by the monkeys

• समभिद्रुताः (samabhidrutāḥ) - assailed, attacked, overcome

Words meanings and morphology

प्राकारस्थाः (prākārasthāḥ) - those standing on the ramparts, rampart-dwellers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prākārastha

prākārastha - standing on a rampart/wall, situated on a fortification

Compound adjective, masculine.

Compound type : saptamī tatpuruṣa (prākāra+stha)

• prākāra – rampart, wall, enclosure, fortification
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun suffix
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'niśācaragaṇāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, which, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, nominative plural masculine.

Note: Connects to 'niśācaragaṇāḥ'.

केचित् (kecit) - some, any, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, something, anyone, anything, whoever, whatever

Indefinite pronoun, nominative plural masculine, formed from interrogative pronoun 'ka' and particle 'cid'.

Note: Modifies 'niśācaragaṇāḥ'.

निशाचरगणाः (niśācaragaṇāḥ) - Refers to groups of demons. (groups of night-wanderers, hordes of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niśācaragaṇa

niśācaragaṇa - group/host of night-wanderers (demons, rākṣasas)

Compound noun, masculine.

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (niśācara+gaṇa)

• niśācara – night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'niśā' (night) + 'cara' (moving, going).
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the clause 'ye kecit... tadā pradudruvuḥ te'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pradru

Perfect Active

Root dru (1st class, dravati) with upasarga 'pra' in perfect, 3rd person plural, active voice. Reduplication 'du-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

ते (te) - Refers to the night-wanderers (rākṣasas). (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun, nominative plural masculine.

Note: Corresponds to the relative pronoun 'ye'.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix '-śas' meaning 'by X' or 'in groups of X'.

Note: Modifies 'pradudruvuḥ'.

कपिभिः (kapibhiḥ) - by the monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Masculine noun, i-stem.

Note: Agent in passive construction ('samabhidrutāḥ').

समभिद्रुताः (samabhidrutāḥ) - assailed, attacked, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samabhidruta

samabhidruta - assailed, attacked, rushed upon, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dru' (to run) with upasargas 'sam' and 'abhi'.

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'niśācaragaṇāḥ' and 'te'.