महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-241, verse-5

ततः प्राप्तं त्वया वीर ग्रहणं शत्रुभिर्बलात् ।
मोक्षितश्चासि धर्मज्ञैः पाण्डवैर्न च लज्जसे ॥५॥

5. tataḥ prāptaṁ tvayā vīra grahaṇaṁ śatrubhirbalāt ,
mokṣitaścāsi dharmajñaiḥ pāṇḍavairna ca lajjase.

5. tataḥ prāptam tvayā vīra grahaṇam śatrubhiḥ balāt
mokṣitaḥ ca asi dharmajñaiḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ na ca lajjase

5. “Then, O hero, you were forcibly captured by your enemies. Furthermore, you were liberated by the Pāṇḍavas, who are knowers of (natural) law (dharma), yet you feel no shame.”

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, you were captured (then, therefrom, after that)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - you obtained capture (obtained, gained, acquired)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (you obtained) (by you)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (addressing Duryodhana ironically) (O hero)

• ग्रहणम् (grahaṇam) - capture by enemies (capture, seizure, taking)

• शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - capture by enemies (by enemies)

• बलात् (balāt) - by force (by force, forcibly)

• मोक्षितः (mokṣitaḥ) - you were released (released, liberated)

• च (ca) - And you were released (and, also)

• असि (asi) - you are released (you are)

• धर्मज्ञैः (dharmajñaiḥ) - by the knowers of (natural) law (dharma) (by the knowers of (natural) law (dharma), by the righteous ones)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• न (na) - not ashamed (not, no)

• च (ca) - and you are not ashamed (and, also)

• लज्जसे (lajjase) - you are not ashamed (you are ashamed, you feel shame)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, you were captured (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - you obtained capture (obtained, gained, acquired)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, acquired, reached

Past Passive Participle

from √āp with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate to grahaṇam (neuter nominative). Can also be interpreted as 'you met with' or 'you experienced'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (you obtained) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of prāptam.

वीर (vīra) - O hero (addressing Duryodhana ironically) (O hero)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Vocative address, likely ironic given the context.

ग्रहणम् (grahaṇam) - capture by enemies (capture, seizure, taking)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of grahaṇa

grahaṇa - seizing, grasping, capture, perception

Verbal Noun

from √grah (to seize)

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Object of prāptam.

शत्रुभिः (śatrubhiḥ) - capture by enemies (by enemies)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Agent of grahaṇam (capture by).

बलात् (balāt) - by force (by force, forcibly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative used adverbially, meaning 'with force' or 'forcibly'.

मोक्षितः (mokṣitaḥ) - you were released (released, liberated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣita

mokṣita - liberated, released, set free

Past Passive Participle (causative)

from causative of √muc (to release) + kta suffix

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (implied 'you' - asi).

च (ca) - And you were released (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the clauses.

असि (asi) - you are released (you are)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present Active

Present 2nd person singular of √as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Links mokṣitaḥ to the implied subject 'you'.

धर्मज्ञैः (dharmajñaiḥ) - by the knowers of (natural) law (dharma) (by the knowers of (natural) law (dharma), by the righteous ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of (natural) law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

from dharma (natural law) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, knowing, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  from √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaiḥ.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas

Apatya-forming suffix -a added to Pāṇḍu

Note: Agent of mokṣitaḥ (liberated by).

न (na) - not ashamed (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

च (ca) - and you are not ashamed (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses, can imply 'yet' here.

लज्जसे (lajjase) - you are not ashamed (you are ashamed, you feel shame)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of lajj

Present Middle

Present 2nd person singular of √lajj (class 1 Ātmanepada)

Root: lajj (class 1)

Note: Active (intransitive) verb.