महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-241, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
वसमानेषु पार्थेषु वने तस्मिन्महात्मसु ।
धार्तराष्ट्रा महेष्वासाः किमकुर्वन्त सत्तम ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
vasamāneṣu pārtheṣu vane tasminmahātmasu ,
dhārtarāṣṭrā maheṣvāsāḥ kimakurvanta sattama.

1. janamejaya uvāca vasamāneṣu pārtheṣu vane tasmin
mahātmasu dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ maheṣvāsāḥ kim akurvanta sattama

1. Janamejaya said, "O best among men, while the great-souled sons of Pritha (Pandavas) were dwelling in that forest, what did the Dhartarashtras, who were great archers, do?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• वसमानेषु (vasamāneṣu) - while dwelling, residing

• पार्थेषु (pārtheṣu) - among the sons of Pritha, among the Pandavas

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in him/it

• महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the noble-minded Pandavas (among the great-souled ones)

• धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

• किम् (kim) - what

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made

• सत्तम (sattama) - O best among men (referring to Vyasa) (O best, O most excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a proper name); stirring up men

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Derived from the root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

वसमानेषु (vasamāneṣu) - while dwelling, residing

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of vasamāna

vasamāna - dwelling, residing, inhabiting

present middle participle

Derived from the root √vas (to dwell, to live).

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

पार्थेषु (pārtheṣu) - among the sons of Pritha, among the Pandavas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pritha; Arjuna (proper name)

Derived from Pṛthā (Kunti), specifically referring to her sons, the Pandavas.

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in him/it

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vana' (forest).

महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the noble-minded Pandavas (among the great-souled ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'Pārtheṣu' and used in a locative absolute construction.

धार्तराष्ट्राः (dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ) - the sons of Dhritarashtra, the Kauravas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra

dhārtarāṣṭra - son of Dhritarashtra; a descendant of Dhritarashtra

Patronymic from Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - a great archer, having a great bow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'Dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

imperfect tense

Derived from the root √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सत्तम (sattama) - O best among men (referring to Vyasa) (O best, O most excellent)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sattama

sattama - best, most excellent, most virtuous

Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, existing).