महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-21, verse-4

अस्वस्थनरनारीकमिदं वृष्णिपुरं भृशम् ।
किमिदं नरशार्दूल श्रोतुमिच्छामहे वयम् ॥४॥

4. asvasthanaranārīkamidaṁ vṛṣṇipuraṁ bhṛśam ,
kimidaṁ naraśārdūla śrotumicchāmahe vayam.

4. asvasthanaranārīkam idam vṛṣṇipuram bhṛśam
kim idam naraśārdūla śrotum icchāmahe vayam

4. This city of the Vṛṣṇis is greatly afflicted with unwell men and women. O tiger among men, what is this? We wish to hear.

4. העיר הזאת של בני וְרִישְׁנִי, גבריה ונשיה חולים מאוד. הו אדם דגול, מה זה? אנו רוצים לשמוע.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्वस्थनरनारीकम् (asvasthanaranārīkam) - (the city) having men and women who are unwell (having unwell men and women)

• इदम् (idam) - this (city) (this, here)

• वृष्णिपुरम् (vṛṣṇipuram) - the city belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan (the city of the Vṛṣṇis)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, very much (greatly, very much, extremely)

• किम् (kim) - what (is this)? (what?, why?, how?)

• इदम् (idam) - this (situation) (this)

• नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O tiger among men (addressing Hṛdika's son) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

• इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we wish (we desire, we wish)

• वयम् (vayam) - we (Arjuna speaking for himself with royal 'we') (we)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्वस्थनरनारीकम् (asvasthanaranārīkam) - (the city) having men and women who are unwell (having unwell men and women)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of asvasthanaranārīka

asvasthanaranārīka - having unwell men and women

Bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'whose men and women are unwell'. The suffix '-ka' at the end can be a pleonastic suffix, or signify 'connected with'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (asvastha+nara+nārī)

• asvastha – unwell, unhealthy, uncomfortable, not at ease
  adjective (masculine)
  'a' (negative prefix) + 'svastha' (healthy, well).
  Prefixes: a+su
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• nārī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
  Root: nṛ

Note: Qualifies 'idam vṛṣṇipuram'.

इदम् (idam) - this (city) (this, here)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, referring to what is near or present

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject.

वृष्णिपुरम् (vṛṣṇipuram) - the city belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan (the city of the Vṛṣṇis)

(noun)

neuter, singular of vṛṣṇipura

vṛṣṇipura - city of the Vṛṣṇis

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛṣṇi+pura)

• vṛṣṇi – The Vṛṣṇi clan
  proper noun (masculine)
• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied 'is').

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, very much (greatly, very much, extremely)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'bhṛśa'.

किम् (kim) - what (is this)? (what?, why?, how?)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which; (as adverb) why, how

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Interrogative.

इदम् (idam) - this (situation) (this)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, referring to what is near or present

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject.

नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O tiger among men (addressing Hṛdika's son) (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - tiger among men, best of men

Compound often used as an epithet for a great warrior or person.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• śārdūla – tiger, an excellent or prominent one (when in compound)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Kṛtavarman.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear (to hear, in order to hear)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root 'śru' + 'tumun' suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Governed by 'icchāmahe'.

इच्छामहे (icchāmahe) - we wish (we desire, we wish)

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present tense, first person plural, middle voice

Root 'iṣ' (class 6) becomes 'icch' + present tense ending 'mahe'.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वयम् (vayam) - we (Arjuna speaking for himself with royal 'we') (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person plural pronoun base.

Note: Subject of 'icchāmahe'.

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