महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-21, verse-1

वासुदेव उवाच ।
आनर्तनगरं मुक्तं ततोऽहमगमं तदा ।
महाक्रतौ राजसूये निवृत्ते नृपते तव ॥१॥

1. vāsudeva uvāca ,
ānartanagaraṁ muktaṁ tato'hamagamaṁ tadā ,
mahākratau rājasūye nivṛtte nṛpate tava.

1. vāsudeva uvāca ānartanagaram muktam tataḥ aham
agamam tadā mahākratou rājasūye nivṛtte nṛpate tava

1. Vāsudeva said: "O king, I had left the city of Ānarta; then, at that time, after your great Rājasūya (yajña) had concluded, I returned there."

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vāsudeva (Krishna)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• आनर्तनगरम् (ānartanagaram) - the city of Ānarta

• मुक्तम् (muktam) - left (previously) (left, released, liberated)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Krishna) (I)

• अगमम् (agamam) - I returned there (I went, I came)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

• महाक्रतोउ (mahākratou) - at the great sacrifice (in the great sacrifice)

• राजसूये (rājasūye) - in the Rājasūya (yajña) (in the Rājasūya (sacrifice))

• निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - concluded (concluded, completed, ceased)

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेव (vāsudeva) - Vāsudeva (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Name of Krishna, son of Vasudeva

Note: Subject of `uvāca`

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

आनर्तनगरम् (ānartanagaram) - the city of Ānarta

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ānartanagara

ānartanagara - the city of Ānarta (an ancient region/city)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ānarta+nagara)

• ānarta – name of a country or region
  proper noun (masculine)
• nagara – city, town
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `agamam` (implied 'returned to')

मुक्तम् (muktam) - left (previously) (left, released, liberated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukta

mukta - released, freed, abandoned, left, liberated

Past Passive Participle

From root muc (to release).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Refers to the state of Ānarta-nagara when he left it or when he returned (having been left).

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (Krishna) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Subject of `agamam`

अगमम् (agamam) - I returned there (I went, I came)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense, 1st person singular, active voice

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pronominal base tad.

महाक्रतोउ (mahākratou) - at the great sacrifice (in the great sacrifice)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahākratu

mahākratu - great sacrifice, grand ritual

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kratu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• kratu – sacrifice, ritual, power, strength, wisdom
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the Rājasūya yajña.

राजसूये (rājasūye) - in the Rājasūya (yajña) (in the Rājasūya (sacrifice))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājasūya

rājasūya - Name of a grand sacrifice performed by universal monarchs

Note: In apposition to `mahākratou`.

निवृत्ते (nivṛtte) - concluded (concluded, completed, ceased)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, ceased, finished, concluded

Past Passive Participle

From ni- + vṛt (to turn, exist).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with `mahākratou rājasūye`.

नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the listener (likely Yudhiṣṭhira).

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Genitive singular of yuṣmad.

Note: Possessive of `mahākratou rājasūye`.