महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-21, verse-17

स समालोक्य दूरान्मां स्मयन्निव युधिष्ठिर ।
आह्वयामास दुष्टात्मा युद्धायैव मुहुर्मुहुः ॥१७॥

17. sa samālokya dūrānmāṁ smayanniva yudhiṣṭhira ,
āhvayāmāsa duṣṭātmā yuddhāyaiva muhurmuhuḥ.

17. sa samālokya dūrāt mām smayan iva yudhiṣṭhira
āhvayāmāsa duṣṭātmā yuddhāya eva muhurmuhuḥ

17. O Yudhishthira, that wicked-souled one, having spotted me from a distance, as if smiling, then repeatedly challenged me to battle.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - referring to Salva (he, that)

• समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from a distance, far away

• माम् (mām) - me

• स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest of the Pandavas, addressed by the narrator. (O Yudhishthira (proper noun))

• आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he called, he challenged

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - Salva, being evil-minded. (wicked-souled, evil-minded, vile person)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again, constantly

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - referring to Salva (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of āhvayāmāsa.

समालोक्य (samālokya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

formed from sam + ā + lok + lyap

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: lok (class 10)

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from a distance, far away

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of dūra, used adverbially.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of samālokya.

स्मयन् (smayan) - smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smay

smay - to smile, to laugh gently

Present Active Participle

formed from smay + śatṛ

Root: smay (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, as

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - The eldest of the Pandavas, addressed by the narrator. (O Yudhishthira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

आह्वयामास (āhvayāmāsa) - he called, he challenged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of ā-hvā

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice

ā + hvā + ām + āsa (periphrastic perfect)

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - Salva, being evil-minded. (wicked-souled, evil-minded, vile person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - wicked-souled, evil-minded, vile person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupt, wicked, spoiled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root duṣ (to become corrupt/spoil)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, vital breath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'sa' (Salva).

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle, for war

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

मुहुर्मुहुः (muhurmuhuḥ) - repeatedly, again and again, constantly

(indeclinable)

Reduplicated form of muhuḥ.