महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-181, verse-9

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
त्वद्युक्तोऽयमनुप्रश्नो यथावद्वदतां वर ।
विदितं वेदितव्यं ते स्थित्यर्थमनुपृच्छसि ॥९॥

9. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tvadyukto'yamanupraśno yathāvadvadatāṁ vara ,
viditaṁ veditavyaṁ te sthityarthamanupṛcchasi.

9. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tvat yuktaḥ ayam anupraśnaḥ yathāvat
vadatām vara viditam veditavyam te sthityartham anupṛcchasi

9. Mārkaṇḍeya said: 'This question from you is appropriate, O best among speakers. What is to be known is already known by you; you are asking (again) for the sake of confirmation.'

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्वत् (tvat) - from you, by you

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, fit, proper, appropriate, connected

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• अनुप्रश्नः (anupraśnaḥ) - subsequent question, detailed inquiry

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, truly, exactly as it should be

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of those who speak

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

• विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood

• वेदितव्यम् (veditavyam) - that which is to be known, knowable

• ते (te) - by you

• स्थित्यर्थम् (sthityartham) - for the sake of establishing, for the sake of confirmation

• अनुपृच्छसि (anupṛcchasi) - you ask repeatedly, you inquire about

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - a renowned sage in Hindu tradition, known for his longevity and wisdom

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वत् (tvat) - from you, by you

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, dual, plural)

Note: Used here adjectivally in a compound sense with 'yuktaḥ'

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - joined, fit, proper, appropriate, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, connected, endowed with; right, proper, appropriate, suitable

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, this thing

अनुप्रश्नः (anupraśnaḥ) - subsequent question, detailed inquiry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupraśna

anupraśna - a supplementary question, a detailed inquiry, a repeated question

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+praśna)

• anu – after, along, near; in accordance with, subsequent
  indeclinable
• praśna – question, query, inquiry
  noun (masculine)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, truly, exactly as it should be

(indeclinable)

वदताम् (vadatām) - of those who speak

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, talking, saying

Present Active Participle

From root vad (to speak, say)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Used substantively to mean 'speakers'

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior; a boon, a wish

विदितम् (viditam) - known, understood

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

वेदितव्यम् (veditavyam) - that which is to be known, knowable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of veditavya

veditavya - that which is to be known, knowable, intelligible

Gerundive

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

ते (te) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, dual, plural)

Note: Used here as an enclitic pronoun; can also be dative or genitive.

स्थित्यर्थम् (sthityartham) - for the sake of establishing, for the sake of confirmation

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthityartha

sthityartha - for the sake of stability, for the purpose of existing or standing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthiti+artha)

• sthiti – standing, state, condition, stability, continuance, permanence
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, cause, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, meaning 'for the sake of sthiti'

अनुपृच्छसि (anupṛcchasi) - you ask repeatedly, you inquire about

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anu-prach

Prefix: anu

Root: prach (class 6)