महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-181, verse-38

ये नैव विद्यां न तपो न दानं न चापि मूढाः प्रजने यतन्ते ।
न चाधिगच्छन्ति सुखान्यभाग्यास्तेषामयं चैव परश्च नास्ति ॥३८॥

38. ye naiva vidyāṁ na tapo na dānaṁ; na cāpi mūḍhāḥ prajane yatante ,
na cādhigacchanti sukhānyabhāgyā;steṣāmayaṁ caiva paraśca nāsti.

38. ye na eva vidyām na tapaḥ na dānam
na ca api mūḍhāḥ prajane yatante
na ca adhigacchanti sukhāni abhāgyāḥ
teṣām ayam ca eva paraḥ ca na asti

38. Those foolish and unfortunate individuals who endeavor neither for knowledge, nor for spiritual discipline (tapas), nor for charity (dāna), nor for procreation, and who consequently do not attain happiness, for them neither this world nor the next exists.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who

• न (na) - not, nor

• एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding 'na' (neither) (indeed, only, just)

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• न (na) - not, nor

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual discipline, penance

• न (na) - not, nor

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, giving

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - emphasizes 'ca' (and also) (also, even, too)

• मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) - foolish, ignorant ones

• प्रजने (prajane) - in begetting offspring (in procreation, in progeny, in producing)

• यतन्ते (yatante) - they strive, endeavor

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and

• अधिगच्छन्ति (adhigacchanti) - they obtain, attain, reach

• सुखानि (sukhāni) - happinesses, joys

• अभाग्याः (abhāgyāḥ) - unfortunate, luckless ones

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, for them

• अयम् (ayam) - referring to this earthly existence (this (world))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding 'na' (neither) (indeed, only, just)

• परः (paraḥ) - referring to the next world/afterlife (the other, the next)

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not, nor

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding 'na' (neither) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science

From root vid- 'to know'

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual discipline, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat

From root tap- 'to heat, to suffer'

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Visarga from -s stem.

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, giving

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, charity, giving

From root dā- 'to give'

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - emphasizes 'ca' (and also) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

मूढाः (mūḍhāḥ) - foolish, ignorant ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, ignorant, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From root muh- 'to be bewildered, confused'

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to 'foolish ones'.

प्रजने (prajane) - in begetting offspring (in procreation, in progeny, in producing)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prajana

prajana - procreation, production, begetting

From pra- + jan- 'to be born'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

यतन्ते (yatante) - they strive, endeavor

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yat

Present Indicative

Root: yat (class 1)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अधिगच्छन्ति (adhigacchanti) - they obtain, attain, reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

Present Indicative

From prefix adhi- and root gam- 'to go'

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

सुखानि (sukhāni) - happinesses, joys

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

अभाग्याः (abhāgyāḥ) - unfortunate, luckless ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhāgya

abhāgya - unfortunate, unlucky, luckless

Compound of a- (negation) + bhāgya (fortune)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāgya)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
• bhāgya – fortune, luck, destiny
  noun (neuter)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, for them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Also serves for neuter plural genitive.

अयम् (ayam) - referring to this earthly existence (this (world))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to 'this world' (loka, which is masculine).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding 'na' (neither) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

परः (paraḥ) - referring to the next world/afterlife (the other, the next)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, next, supreme, highest

Note: Refers to 'the other world' (loka, which is masculine).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

Root: as (class 2)