महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-181, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तं विवक्षन्तमालक्ष्य कुरुराजो महामुनिम् ।
कथासंजननार्थाय चोदयामास पाण्डवः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taṁ vivakṣantamālakṣya kururājo mahāmunim ,
kathāsaṁjananārthāya codayāmāsa pāṇḍavaḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tam vivakṣantam ālakṣya kururājaḥ
mahāmunim kathāsaṃjananārthāya codayāmāsa pāṇḍavaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Observing that great sage (mahāmuni) about to speak, Yudhishthira, the king of the Kurus (kururāja), prompted him to begin the narration of the story.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - referring to Markandeya (him, that)

• विवक्षन्तम् (vivakṣantam) - intending to speak, desiring to speak

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

• कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - referring to Yudhishthira (king of the Kurus)

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - referring to Markandeya (great sage)

• कथासंजननार्थाय (kathāsaṁjananārthāya) - for the purpose of generating the story, for the sake of causing the story to arise

• चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - prompted, urged, impelled

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - referring to Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (the Pandava))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a famous ancient sage, a disciple of Vyasa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac (वाच्), reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - referring to Markandeya (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विवक्षन्तम् (vivakṣantam) - intending to speak, desiring to speak

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vivakṣat

vivakṣat - desiring to speak, intending to speak

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Derived from the desiderative stem of root vac (वच्) 'to speak', present participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having seen, observing, perceiving

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

From root lakṣ (लक्ष्) 'to perceive' with prefix ā, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

कुरुराजः (kururājaḥ) - referring to Yudhishthira (king of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kururāja

kururāja - king of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+rāja)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - referring to Markandeya (great sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one, inspired seer
  noun (masculine)

कथासंजननार्थाय (kathāsaṁjananārthāya) - for the purpose of generating the story, for the sake of causing the story to arise

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kathāsaṃjananārtha

kathāsaṁjananārtha - purpose of generating a story

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kathā+saṃjanana+artha)

• kathā – story, tale, narrative
  noun (feminine)
• saṃjanana – generating, producing, causing to arise
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundial Noun
  From root jan (जन्) 'to be born' with prefix sam (सम्), forming a causative sense 'to cause to be born/arise'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: jan (class 4)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

चोदयामास (codayāmāsa) - prompted, urged, impelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of cud

Perfect Active (Causative)

From causative stem of root cud (चुद्), reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: cud (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - referring to Yudhishthira, the eldest Pandava (Yudhishthira (the Pandava))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, son of Pandu