महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-181, verse-40

कृत्वैव कर्माणि महान्ति शूरास्तपोदमाचारविहारशीलाः ।
देवानृषीन्प्रेतगणांश्च सर्वान्संतर्पयित्वा विधिना परेण ॥४०॥

40. kṛtvaiva karmāṇi mahānti śūrā;stapodamācāravihāraśīlāḥ ,
devānṛṣīnpretagaṇāṁśca sarvā;nsaṁtarpayitvā vidhinā pareṇa.

40. kṛtvā eva karmāṇi mahānti śūrāḥ
tapaḥ dama ācāra vihāra śīlāḥ
devān ṛṣīn pretagaṇān ca sarvān
saṃtarpayitvā vidhinā pareṇa

40. Indeed, these valiant ones, having performed great actions (karma), who are accustomed to spiritual discipline (tapas), self-control, proper conduct, and spiritual practices, and having satisfied all the gods, sages, and hosts of departed spirits according to the supreme method (this sentence continues into the next verse).

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding action (indeed, only, just)

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - referring to spiritual or meritorious actions (actions, deeds, works)

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, important

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones, valiant ones

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual discipline

• दम (dama) - self-control, restraint

• आचार (ācāra) - conduct, custom, good behavior

• विहार (vihāra) - here, suggesting spiritual practices or disciplined movement/conduct. (dwelling, recreation, spiritual practice)

• शीलाः (śīlāḥ) - characterized by (tapas, dama, ācāra, vihāra) (having the nature of, accustomed to)

• देवान् (devān) - the gods

• ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - the sages, seers

• प्रेतगणान् (pretagaṇān) - hosts of departed spirits, groups of ghosts

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• संतर्पयित्वा (saṁtarpayitvā) - having satisfied, having appeased

• विधिना (vidhinā) - according to the prescribed sacred method (by rule, by method, properly)

• परेण (pareṇa) - referring to an excellent or supreme method. (by the supreme, by the excellent, by the other)

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ- 'to do' + suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - emphasizing the preceding action (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - referring to spiritual or meritorious actions (actions, deeds, works)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, destiny

From root kṛ- 'to do'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Agrees with 'karmāṇi'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones, valiant ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave, valiant

Note: Functions as the subject of the implied verb.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, spiritual discipline

(noun)

of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

Note: First part of a Dvaṃdva compound 'tapo-dama-ācāra-vihāra-śīlāḥ'.

दम (dama) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

From root dam- 'to tame, to control'

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Part of a Dvaṃdva compound.

आचार (ācāra) - conduct, custom, good behavior

(noun)

of ācāra

ācāra - conduct, custom, good behavior, practice

From ā-car- 'to behave'

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Part of a Dvaṃdva compound.

विहार (vihāra) - here, suggesting spiritual practices or disciplined movement/conduct. (dwelling, recreation, spiritual practice)

(noun)

of vihāra

vihāra - dwelling, monastery, recreation, movement, spiritual practice

From vi-hṛ- 'to wander about, to dwell'

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of a Dvaṃdva compound.

शीलाः (śīlāḥ) - characterized by (tapas, dama, ācāra, vihāra) (having the nature of, accustomed to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śīla

śīla - nature, character, habit, custom

Note: Forms the final part of the Bahuvrihi compound 'tapo-dama-ācāra-vihāra-śīlāḥ', agreeing with 'śūrāḥ'.

देवान् (devān) - the gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Note: Object of 'saṃtarpayitvā'.

ऋषीन् (ṛṣīn) - the sages, seers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Note: Object of 'saṃtarpayitvā'.

प्रेतगणान् (pretagaṇān) - hosts of departed spirits, groups of ghosts

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pretagaṇa

pretagaṇa - host of departed spirits, group of ghosts

Tatpurusha compound: preta-gaṇa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (preta+gaṇa)

• preta – departed, deceased, ghost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra-i- 'to go forth, to die'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• gaṇa – group, host, troop
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'saṃtarpayitvā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with and summarizes 'devān ṛṣīn pretagaṇān'.

संतर्पयित्वा (saṁtarpayitvā) - having satisfied, having appeased

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From saṃ-tṛp- (causative) 'to satisfy' + suffix -tvā

Prefix: sam

Root: tṛp (class 4)

विधिना (vidhinā) - according to the prescribed sacred method (by rule, by method, properly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, ordinance, fate

From vi-dhā- 'to arrange, prescribe'

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

परेण (pareṇa) - referring to an excellent or supreme method. (by the supreme, by the excellent, by the other)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of para

para - other, supreme, highest, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'vidhinā'.