महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-181, verse-20

दौष्कुल्या व्याधिबहुला दुरात्मानोऽप्रतापिनः ।
भवन्त्यल्पायुषः पापा रौद्रकर्मफलोदयाः ।
नाथन्तः सर्वकामानां नास्तिका भिन्नसेतवः ॥२०॥

20. dauṣkulyā vyādhibahulā durātmāno'pratāpinaḥ ,
bhavantyalpāyuṣaḥ pāpā raudrakarmaphalodayāḥ ,
nāthantaḥ sarvakāmānāṁ nāstikā bhinnasetavaḥ.

20. dauṣkulyāḥ vyādhibahulāḥ durātmānaḥ
apratāpinaḥ bhavanti alpāyuṣaḥ pāpāḥ
raudrakarmaphalodayāḥ nāthantaḥ
sarvakāmānām nāstikāḥ bhinnasetavaḥ

20. They are born into ignoble families, are afflicted by many diseases, possess wicked souls (ātman), and lack glory. These sinful, short-lived individuals experience the dreadful fruits of their actions (karma). Constantly seeking all their desires, they are disbelievers who break moral boundaries.

Words meanings summery:

• दौष्कुल्याः (dauṣkulyāḥ) - of low birth, from ignoble families

• व्याधिबहुलाः (vyādhibahulāḥ) - afflicted with many diseases, very sick

• दुरात्मानः (durātmānaḥ) - wicked souls (ātman) (evil-minded, wicked souls, bad self)

• अप्रतापिनः (apratāpinaḥ) - without valor, without glory, insignificant

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

• अल्पायुषः (alpāyuṣaḥ) - short-lived

• पापाः (pāpāḥ) - sinful ones, wicked people

• रौद्रकर्मफलोदयाः (raudrakarmaphalodayāḥ) - whose actions yield terrible results, experiencing the dreadful fruits of actions

• नाथन्तः (nāthantaḥ) - constantly seeking (desires) (asking, begging, seeking)

• सर्वकामानाम् (sarvakāmānām) - of all desires, for all desires

• नास्तिकाः (nāstikāḥ) - atheists, disbelievers

• भिन्नसेतवः (bhinnasetavaḥ) - break moral boundaries (breakers of moral bounds, whose dams are broken)

Words meanings and morphology

दौष्कुल्याः (dauṣkulyāḥ) - of low birth, from ignoble families

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dauṣkulya

dauṣkulya - belonging to a bad family, of low birth

From 'dus' (bad) + 'kula' (family) + 'ya' (suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kula)

• dus – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  prefix
• kula – family, lineage, race
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

व्याधिबहुलाः (vyādhibahulāḥ) - afflicted with many diseases, very sick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyādhibahula

vyādhibahula - full of diseases, very sickly

Compound of 'vyādhi' + 'bahula'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyādhi+bahula)

• vyādhi – disease, sickness, ailment
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + 'ā' + root 'dhā' (to place).
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• bahula – abundant, numerous, frequent
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

दुरात्मानः (durātmānaḥ) - wicked souls (ātman) (evil-minded, wicked souls, bad self)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, bad self (ātman)

Compound of 'dur' + 'ātman'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'an' (to breathe).
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

अप्रतापिनः (apratāpinaḥ) - without valor, without glory, insignificant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apratāpin

apratāpin - powerless, without glory, insignificant

Compound of 'a' (negative) + 'pratāpin'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratāpin)

• a – not
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pratāpin – glorious, powerful, majestic
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent Noun
  From 'pratāpa' (glory, power) + 'in'.

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the first sentence fragment.

अल्पायुषः (alpāyuṣaḥ) - short-lived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of alpāyuṣ

alpāyuṣ - having a short life, short-lived

Compound of 'alpa' + 'āyuṣ'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (alpa+āyus)

• alpa – small, little, few
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• āyus – life, duration of life, age
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'i' (to go) + 'us' suffix.
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective to the subject of 'bhavanti'.

पापाः (pāpāḥ) - sinful ones, wicked people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wicked, sinful person

Note: Predicate adjective to the subject of 'bhavanti'.

रौद्रकर्मफलोदयाः (raudrakarmaphalodayāḥ) - whose actions yield terrible results, experiencing the dreadful fruits of actions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of raudrakarmaphalodaya

raudrakarmaphalodaya - having the rise/occurrence of terrible results of actions

Bahuvrīhi compound: (raudra-karma-phala)-udaya.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (raudra+karman+phala+udaya)

• raudra – terrible, fierce, dreadful, Shiva-like
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From 'rudra' (name of a deity associated with storm/destruction).
• karman – action, deed, fate, result of action
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)
• udaya – rising, appearance, prosperity, origin, result
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ud' + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective to the subject of 'bhavanti'.

नाथन्तः (nāthantaḥ) - constantly seeking (desires) (asking, begging, seeking)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāthat

nāthat - asking, begging, seeking protection/help

Present Active Participle

From root 'nāth' (to ask, beg, seek protection) + 'śatṛ' (at ending).

Root: nāth (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

सर्वकामानाम् (sarvakāmānām) - of all desires, for all desires

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvakāma

sarvakāma - all desires, wishing all things

Compound of 'sarva' + 'kāma'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+kāma)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam' (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nāthantaḥ'.

नास्तिकाः (nāstikāḥ) - atheists, disbelievers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāstika

nāstika - one who says 'na asti' (it does not exist); an atheist, disbeliever in Vedas/afterlife

Formed from 'na' + 'asti' + 'ka' (suffix indicating one who holds such a view).

Note: Predicate adjective to the implied subject.

भिन्नसेतवः (bhinnasetavaḥ) - break moral boundaries (breakers of moral bounds, whose dams are broken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhinnasetu

bhinnasetu - one whose dam/bridge (of moral restraint) is broken

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'bhinna' + 'setu'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhinna+setu)

• bhinna – broken, split, separated
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhid' (to break, split).
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• setu – bridge, dam, embankment, boundary, moral limit
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'si' (to bind) + 'tu' suffix.
  Root: si (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective to the implied subject.