महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-12, verse-40

त्वं तु हेतूनतीत्यैतान्कामक्रोधौ व्यतीत्य च ।
परमं नः क्षमं लोके यथावद्वक्तुमर्हसि ॥४०॥

40. tvaṁ tu hetūnatītyaitānkāmakrodhau vyatītya ca ,
paramaṁ naḥ kṣamaṁ loke yathāvadvaktumarhasi.

40. tvam tu hetūn atītya etān kāmakrodhau vyatītya ca
paramam naḥ kṣamam loke yathāvat vaktum arhasi

40. But you, having risen above these (biased) motivations, and having transcended both desire (kāma) and anger (krodha), should properly speak to us what is supremely suitable in the world.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• हेतून् (hetūn) - these (biased) motivations (reasons, motives, causes)

• अतीत्य (atītya) - having risen above (having surpassed, having overcome, having gone beyond)

• एतान् (etān) - these (referring to hetūn) (these)

• कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - both desire (kāma) and anger (krodha) (desire and anger)

• व्यतीत्य (vyatītya) - having transcended (having overcome, having passed beyond, having transgressed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परमम् (paramam) - supremely suitable (supreme, highest, most excellent)

• नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, our, for us)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable (suitable, capable, proper, beneficial)

• लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, in the sight of people)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (as it truly is, exactly, properly, in due manner)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say, to tell)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (speak) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

हेतून् (hetūn) - these (biased) motivations (reasons, motives, causes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means

अतीत्य (atītya) - having risen above (having surpassed, having overcome, having gone beyond)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Prefix ati + root i (to go) + suffix lyap.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

एतान् (etān) - these (referring to hetūn) (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - both desire (kāma) and anger (krodha) (desire and anger)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kāmakrodha

kāmakrodha - desire and anger (a pair)

Compound type : Dvandva (kāma+krodha)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kudh (class 4)

Note: Represents the pair kāma and krodha.

व्यतीत्य (vyatītya) - having transcended (having overcome, having passed beyond, having transgressed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Prefixes vi + ati + root i (to go) + suffix lyap.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Similar to atītya but with an additional prefix.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

परमम् (paramam) - supremely suitable (supreme, highest, most excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, utmost, chief

Superlative of para (other, distant).

नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, our, for us)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable (suitable, capable, proper, beneficial)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - capable, able, suitable, fit, beneficial, patient

From root kṣam (to be able, patient).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, in the sight of people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, sight

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (as it truly is, exactly, properly, in due manner)

(indeclinable)

From yathā (as) + suffix vat.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say, to tell)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root vac (to speak) with infinitive suffix tum.

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (speak) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

Present active

Root arh, 2nd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada).

Root: arh (class 1)