महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-12, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ऋषेस्तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा निशश्वास युधिष्ठिरः ।
चिन्तयन्राजसूयाप्तिं न लेभे शर्म भारत ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ṛṣestadvacanaṁ śrutvā niśaśvāsa yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
cintayanrājasūyāptiṁ na lebhe śarma bhārata.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca ṛṣeḥ tat vacanam śrutvā niśaśvāsa
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ cintayan rājasūyāptim na lebhe śarma bhārata

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard those words of the sage, Yudhishthira sighed. O Bhārata, pondering the attainment of the Rājasūya (yajña), he found no comfort.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - Of the sage (Vyāsa or Mārkaṇḍeya) who had just spoken to Yudhishthira. (of the sage, from the sage)

• तत् (tat) - that, his

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed, breathed out

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava prince. (Yudhishthira)

• चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking, pondering, meditating

• राजसूयाप्तिम् (rājasūyāptim) - The attainment of performing the great imperial Rājasūya (yajña). (the attainment of the Rājasūya sacrifice)

• न (na) - not, no

• लेभे (lebhe) - obtained, gained

• शर्म (śarma) - comfort, peace, happiness

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to King Janamejaya by Vaiśampāyana. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Perfect stem uvāc + ending a for 3rd person singular. Root vac is irregular in perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

ऋषेः (ṛṣeḥ) - Of the sage (Vyāsa or Mārkaṇḍeya) who had just spoken to Yudhishthira. (of the sage, from the sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

तत् (tat) - that, his

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Note: Agrees with vacanam.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, utterance

Formed from root vac with suffix -ana.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - sighed, breathed out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śvas

Perfect active

From root śvas with prefix ni-. Perfect stem reduplication.

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava prince. (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of a king)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

चिन्तयन् (cintayan) - thinking, pondering, meditating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cint

cint - to think, ponder, consider

Present active participle

Present stem cintaya + suffix -an (for masculine nominative singular).

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Participle acting as an adjective modifying Yudhishthira.

राजसूयाप्तिम् (rājasūyāptim) - The attainment of performing the great imperial Rājasūya (yajña). (the attainment of the Rājasūya sacrifice)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājasūyāpti

rājasūyāpti - attainment of Rājasūya

Compound of rājasūya and āpti.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājasūya+āpti)

• rājasūya – imperial sacrifice, Rājasūya (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
• āpti – attainment, acquisition, obtaining
  noun (feminine)
  From root āp + ti suffix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: āp (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

लेभे (lebhe) - obtained, gained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of labh

Perfect middle

From root labh, reduplicated stem le-lbh becomes lebh (irregular).

Root: labh (class 1)

शर्म (śarma) - comfort, peace, happiness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarman

śarman - comfort, happiness, shelter, protection

n-stem neuter noun.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to King Janamejaya by Vaiśampāyana. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior

Patronymic derived from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)