महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-9, verse-20

व्यास उवाच ।
ततो देवानगमद्धूमकेतुर्दाहाद्भीतो व्यथितोऽश्वत्थपर्णवत् ।
तं वै दृष्ट्वा प्राह शक्रो महात्मा बृहस्पतेः संनिधौ हव्यवाहम् ॥२०॥

20. vyāsa uvāca ,
tato devānagamaddhūmaketu;rdāhādbhīto vyathito'śvatthaparṇavat ,
taṁ vai dṛṣṭvā prāha śakro mahātmā; bṛhaspateḥ saṁnidhau havyavāham.

20. vyāsaḥ uvāca | tataḥ devān agamat
dhūmaketuḥ dāhāt bhītaḥ vyathitaḥ aśvatthaparṇavat
| tam vai dṛṣṭvā prāha śakraḥ
mahātmā bṛhaspateḥ saṃnidhau havyavāham

20. Vyāsa said: "Then Dhūmaketu (Agni), terrified by the prospect of being burnt and agitated like an Aśvattha leaf, went to the gods. Seeing him, the great-souled Śakra (Indra) addressed Havyavāha (Agni) in the presence of Bṛhaspati."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

• देवान् (devān) - to the gods

• अगमत् (agamat) - went

• धूमकेतुः (dhūmaketuḥ) - Agni, the fire god (Dhūmaketu (a name for Agni, lit. 'smoke-bannered'))

• दाहात् (dāhāt) - from burning, from being burnt

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, scared

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, agitated, troubled

• अश्वत्थपर्णवत् (aśvatthaparṇavat) - like an Aśvattha leaf

• तम् (tam) - him

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphatic particle)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Śakra (a name for Indra))

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

• बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

• संनिधौ (saṁnidhau) - in the presence, near, in the vicinity

• हव्यवाहम् (havyavāham) - Agni, the fire god (Havyavāha (a name for Agni, lit. 'bearer of oblations'))

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (name of a revered sage, compiler of Vedas and author of Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (to speak), perfect tense form, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from the pronominal base tad

देवान् (devān) - to the gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Object of verb of motion.

अगमत् (agamat) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect Active

Root gam (to go), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: gam (class 1)

धूमकेतुः (dhūmaketuḥ) - Agni, the fire god (Dhūmaketu (a name for Agni, lit. 'smoke-bannered'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūmaketu

dhūmaketu - smoke-bannered; a name of Agni (fire god); comet

Compound of dhūma (smoke) and ketu (banner)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhūma+ketu)

• dhūma – smoke, fume
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, mark, sign
  noun (masculine)
  Root: cit

दाहात् (dāhāt) - from burning, from being burnt

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dāha

dāha - burning, combustion; heat

Derived from root dah (to burn)

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause ("frightened by burning").

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - frightened, scared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with dhūmaketuḥ.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, agitated, troubled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - agitated, distressed, troubled, disturbed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root vyath (to tremble, be agitated)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhūmaketuḥ.

अश्वत्थपर्णवत् (aśvatthaparṇavat) - like an Aśvattha leaf

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat (like, as) added to the compound aśvatthaparṇa (Aśvattha leaf)

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes action completed before the main verb.

प्राह (prāha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect Active

Perfect form of root ah (to say), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada, with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Aorist-like perfect form.

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra (Śakra (a name for Indra))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - strong, powerful; a name of Indra

Derived from root śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (soul)

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – soul, self
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with śakraḥ.

बृहस्पतेः (bṛhaspateḥ) - of Bṛhaspati

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Bṛhaspati (name of a divine preceptor)

संनिधौ (saṁnidhau) - in the presence, near, in the vicinity

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃnidhi

saṁnidhi - presence, proximity, vicinity

Derived from root dhā (to place) with prefixes sam- and ni-

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

हव्यवाहम् (havyavāham) - Agni, the fire god (Havyavāha (a name for Agni, lit. 'bearer of oblations'))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of havyavāha

havyavāha - bearer of oblations; a name of Agni (fire god)

Compound of havya (oblation) and vāha (bearer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (havya+vāha)

• havya – oblation, offering
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive (kṛtya) of root hu (to offer), meaning 'to be offered', 'oblation'
  Root: hu (class 3)
• vāha – bearer, carrier
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of prāha.