महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-9, verse-10

व्यास उवाच ।
ततः प्रायाद्धूमकेतुर्महात्मा वनस्पतीन्वीरुधश्चावमृद्नन् ।
कामाद्धिमान्ते परिवर्तमानः काष्ठातिगो मातरिश्वेव नर्दन् ॥१०॥

10. vyāsa uvāca ,
tataḥ prāyāddhūmaketurmahātmā; vanaspatīnvīrudhaścāvamṛdnan ,
kāmāddhimānte parivartamānaḥ; kāṣṭhātigo mātariśveva nardan.

10. vyāsaḥ uvāca tataḥ prāyāt dhūmaketūḥ
mahātmā vanaspatīn vīrudhaḥ ca
avamṛdnan kāmāt himānte parivartamānaḥ
kāṣṭhātigaḥ mātariśvā iva nardan

10. Vyāsa spoke: 'Then the great-souled Dhūmaketū (Agni) departed, crushing both trees and creepers. He moved about at the end of winter according to his will, roaring like the wind (mātariśvan) that transcends all directions.'

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed, went forth

• धूमकेतूः (dhūmaketūḥ) - Agni (Dhūmaketū (an epithet of Agni))

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble

• वनस्पतीन् (vanaspatīn) - trees

• वीरुधः (vīrudhaḥ) - creepers, shrubs

• च (ca) - and

• अवमृद्नन् (avamṛdnan) - crushing, destroying

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, according to will

• हिमान्ते (himānte) - at the end of winter/cold season

• परिवर्तमानः (parivartamānaḥ) - moving about, revolving

• काष्ठातिगः (kāṣṭhātigaḥ) - transcending directions, going beyond all limits

• मातरिश्वा (mātariśvā) - wind, god of wind

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• नर्दन् (nardan) - roaring, shouting

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (name of a celebrated sage, compiler of the Vedas and Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd class), Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence

(indeclinable)

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed, went forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prāyā

Imperfect Active

from root 'yā' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

धूमकेतूः (dhūmaketūḥ) - Agni (Dhūmaketū (an epithet of Agni))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūmaketū

dhūmaketū - smoke-bannered, smoke-crested (epithet of Agni)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhūma+ketu)

• dhūma – smoke
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, standard, crest
  noun (masculine)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble; a great being

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

वनस्पतीन् (vanaspatīn) - trees

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vanaspati

vanaspati - tree, forest lord, large tree (that bears fruit without blossoms)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vanas+pati)

• vanas – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

वीरुधः (vīrudhaḥ) - creepers, shrubs

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vīrudh

vīrudh - creeper, plant, shrub, herb

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अवमृद्नन् (avamṛdnan) - crushing, destroying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamṛd

avamṛd - to crush, trample down, destroy

Present Active Participle

from root 'mṛd' with prefix 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Dhūmaketū

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, according to will

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, will

हिमान्ते (himānte) - at the end of winter/cold season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of himānta

himānta - end of winter, end of the cold season

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hima+anta)

• hima – frost, snow, cold, winter
  noun (neuter)
• anta – end, limit, edge
  noun (masculine)

परिवर्तमानः (parivartamānaḥ) - moving about, revolving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivartamāna

parivartamāna - moving about, revolving, occurring

Present Middle Participle

from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Dhūmaketū

काष्ठातिगः (kāṣṭhātigaḥ) - transcending directions, going beyond all limits

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāṣṭhātiga

kāṣṭhātiga - going beyond all limits or directions

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāṣṭhā+atiga)

• kāṣṭhā – direction, region, limit
  noun (feminine)
• atiga – going beyond, transcending
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root 'gam' with prefix 'ati'
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mātariśvā'

मातरिश्वा (mātariśvā) - wind, god of wind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātariśvan

mātariśvan - wind, the god of wind

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

नर्दन् (nardan) - roaring, shouting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nardat

nardat - roaring, shouting, thundering

Present Active Participle

from root 'nard' (1st class)

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Dhūmaketū