महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-78, verse-37

व्यायम्य संयुगे राजा दृष्ट्वा च पितरं हतम् ।
पूर्वमेव च बाणौघैर्गाढविद्धोऽर्जुनेन सः ॥३७॥

37. vyāyamya saṁyuge rājā dṛṣṭvā ca pitaraṁ hatam ,
pūrvameva ca bāṇaughairgāḍhaviddho'rjunena saḥ.

37. vyāyamya saṃyuge rājā dṛṣṭvā ca pitaram hatam pūrvam
eva ca bāṇa-oghaiḥ gāḍha-viddhaḥ arjunena saḥ

37. saḥ rājā saṃyuge vyāyamya pitaram hatam ca dṛṣṭvā
ca pūrvam eva arjunena bāṇa-oghaiḥ gāḍha-viddhaḥ

37. That king, having exerted himself in battle and having seen his father slain, was also already deeply wounded by Arjuna with floods of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यायम्य (vyāyamya) - having exerted himself (having exerted oneself, having struggled, having fought)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in combat, in conjunction)

• राजा (rājā) - that king (Citrāṅgadāsuta) (king)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - his father (father)

• हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - already (before, earlier, formerly)

• एव (eva) - already (emphasis) (indeed, only, just)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• बाण-ओघैः (bāṇa-oghaiḥ) - by floods of arrows (by masses of arrows, by showers of arrows)

• गाढ-विद्धः (gāḍha-viddhaḥ) - deeply wounded (deeply wounded, firmly pierced)

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यायम्य (vyāyamya) - having exerted himself (having exerted oneself, having struggled, having fought)

(indeclinable)

Gerund

Derived from root √yam (to restrain, to stretch) with upasargas vi- + ā-

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Participial form used to describe a prior action.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in combat, in conjunction)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conjunction, union

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

राजा (rājā) - that king (Citrāṅgadāsuta) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Gerund

Derived from root √dṛś (to see) + ktvā (gerund suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Participial form used to describe a prior action.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects two prior actions or clauses.

पितरम् (pitaram) - his father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

हतम् (hatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill) + kta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'pitaram'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - already (before, earlier, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

एव (eva) - already (emphasis) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Implies 'also' or 'and' in addition to previous condition.

बाण-ओघैः (bāṇa-oghaiḥ) - by floods of arrows (by masses of arrows, by showers of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa-ogha

bāṇa-ogha - mass of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+ogha)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, stream, mass, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of wounding.

गाढ-विद्धः (gāḍha-viddhaḥ) - deeply wounded (deeply wounded, firmly pierced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāḍha-viddha

gāḍha-viddha - deeply wounded, firmly pierced

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gāḍha+viddha)

• gāḍha – deep, firm, intense
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle of √gāh (to plunge), used adjectivally
  Root: gāh (class 1)
• viddha – pierced, wounded, struck
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √vyadh (to pierce) + kta
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'saḥ'.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - white, clear, a name of Arjuna

Note: Agent of the passive action 'wounded'.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it