महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-78, verse-30

स रथादवतीर्याशु राजा परमकोपनः ।
पदातिः पितरं कोपाद्योधयामास पाण्डवम् ॥३०॥

30. sa rathādavatīryāśu rājā paramakopanaḥ ,
padātiḥ pitaraṁ kopādyodhayāmāsa pāṇḍavam.

30. saḥ rathāt avatīrya āśu rājā parama-kopanaḥ
padātiḥ pitaram kopāt yodhayāmāsa pāṇḍavam

30. That exceedingly wrathful king quickly dismounted from his chariot and, fighting on foot, angrily engaged the Pāṇḍava, his father.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that king (from previous verses) (he, that)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from his own chariot (from the chariot)

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having dismounted from the chariot (having descended, dismounted)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• राजा (rājā) - the same king (mentioned in previous verses) (king)

• परम-कोपनः (parama-kopanaḥ) - the king, who was intensely angry (extremely angry, exceedingly wrathful)

• पदातिः (padātiḥ) - fighting on foot (on foot, foot-soldier)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - his (the king's) father (father)

• कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, out of anger

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - engaged in battle (with) (caused to fight, fought)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava, who is the king's father in this context) (a Pāṇḍava)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that king (from previous verses) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Refers to the king.

रथात् (rathāt) - from his own chariot (from the chariot)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having dismounted from the chariot (having descended, dismounted)

(indeclinable participle)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the same king (mentioned in previous verses) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

परम-कोपनः (parama-kopanaḥ) - the king, who was intensely angry (extremely angry, exceedingly wrathful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-kopana

parama-kopana - exceedingly angry, very wrathful

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+kopana)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• kopana – angry, wrathful, easily angered
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from kopa (anger)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

पदातिः (padātiḥ) - fighting on foot (on foot, foot-soldier)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of padātin

padātin - foot-soldier, infantryman, going on foot

Note: Refers to the king, describing his state after dismounting.

पितरम् (pitaram) - his (the king's) father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Object of the verb 'yodhayāmāsa'.

कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, out of anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

Note: Indicates the cause or reason.

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - engaged in battle (with) (caused to fight, fought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yudh

Periphrastic Perfect (causative)

Causative stem yodhaya- + Perfect of ās (to be)

Root: yudh (class 4)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Arjuna (the Pāṇḍava, who is the king's father in this context) (a Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas

Note: Refers to Arjuna.