महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-78, verse-18

गृहीतं वाजिनं दृष्ट्वा प्रीतात्मा स धनंजयः ।
पुत्रं रथस्थं भूमिष्ठः संन्यवारयदाहवे ॥१८॥

18. gṛhītaṁ vājinaṁ dṛṣṭvā prītātmā sa dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
putraṁ rathasthaṁ bhūmiṣṭhaḥ saṁnyavārayadāhave.

18. gṛhītam vājinam dṛṣṭvā prīta-ātmā sa dhanañjayaḥ
putram rathastham bhūmiṣṭhaḥ samnyavārayat āhave

18. gṛhītam vājinam dṛṣṭvā saḥ prītātmā dhanañjayaḥ
bhūmiṣṭhaḥ rathastham putram āhave samnyavārayat

18. Having seen the horse seized, that joyful Dhananjaya (Arjuna), standing on the ground, restrained his son, who was in the chariot, from battle.

Words meanings summery:

• गृहीतम् (gṛhītam) - seized (seized, caught, taken)

• वाजिनम् (vājinam) - the horse (horse, powerful, swift)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्रीतात्मा (prītātmā) - joyful (happy-souled, joyful, pleased in heart)

• स (sa) - that (referring to Arjuna) (that, he)

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (Babhruvahana) (son)

• रथस्थम् (rathastham) - in the chariot (standing in a chariot, charioteer)

• भूमिष्ठः (bhūmiṣṭhaḥ) - standing on the ground (standing on the ground/earth)

• सम्न्यवारयत् (samnyavārayat) - he restrained, he prevented (he restrained, he prevented, he warded off)

• आहवे (āhave) - from battle (in battle, in combat, in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

गृहीतम् (gṛhītam) - seized (seized, caught, taken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛhīta

gṛhīta - seized, caught, taken, accepted

Past Passive Participle

From root grah (to seize) + kta suffix.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Agrees with vājinam.

वाजिनम् (vājinam) - the horse (horse, powerful, swift)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, powerful, possessing strength

From vāja (strength, speed) + ini suffix.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) + ktvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रीतात्मा (prītātmā) - joyful (happy-souled, joyful, pleased in heart)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prītātman

prītātman - happy-souled, joyful, content in spirit

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one whose (ātman) self/mind is pleased.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prīta+ātman)

• prīta – pleased, happy, delighted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root prī (to please) + kta suffix.
  Root: prī (class 9)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  N-stem noun.
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to Dhananjaya.

स (sa) - that (referring to Arjuna) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular form of tad.

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, name of Arjuna

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (conqueror).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of samnyavārayat.

पुत्रम् (putram) - his son (Babhruvahana) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of samnyavārayat.

रथस्थम् (rathastham) - in the chariot (standing in a chariot, charioteer)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, in a chariot, charioteer

Tatpurusha compound: ratha (chariot) + stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root ramh (to go swiftly).
  Root: ramh (class 1)
• stha – standing, situated, dwelling
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

भूमिष्ठः (bhūmiṣṭhaḥ) - standing on the ground (standing on the ground/earth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūmiṣṭha

bhūmiṣṭha - standing on the ground/earth, terrestrial

Tatpurusha compound: bhūmi (ground) + ṣṭha (standing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+stha)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• stha – standing, situated, dwelling
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhananjaya.

सम्न्यवारयत् (samnyavārayat) - he restrained, he prevented (he restrained, he prevented, he warded off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of samnyavārayat

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ), Causative

From sam (prefix) + ni (prefix) + ava (prefix) + vṛ (root, to cover, choose, obstruct) in causative (vārayā) + Laṅ ending. 3rd person singular active.

Prefixes: sam+ni+ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आहवे (āhave) - from battle (in battle, in combat, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, conflict, war

From ā (prefix) + hu (root, to call, to sacrifice) or hve (to call).

Prefix: ā

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: samnyavārayat (to prevent) with locative here implies preventing *from* (āhave).