महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-91, verse-6

पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रान्ते स कृत्वा दुष्करं तपः ।
कालधर्मपरीतात्मा निधनं समुपागतः ॥६॥

6. pūrṇe varṣasahasrānte sa kṛtvā duṣkaraṁ tapaḥ ,
kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanaṁ samupāgataḥ.

6. pūrṇe varṣasahasra ante saḥ kṛtvā duṣkaram
tapaḥ kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanam samupāgataḥ

6. pūrṇe varṣasahasra ante saḥ duṣkaram tapaḥ
kṛtvā kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanam samupāgataḥ

6. After a full thousand years, he, having performed difficult asceticism (tapas), his self (ātman) seized by the natural law (dharma) of time, attained death.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - at the end of a full (thousand years) (in the full, complete)

• वर्षसहस्र (varṣasahasra) - a thousand years

• अन्ते (ante) - at the end (at the end, lastly, finally)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Śrīmān) (he, that)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (asceticism) (difficult to do, hard to accomplish)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

• कालधर्मपरीतात्मा (kāladharmaparītātmā) - whose life was taken by the natural process of death (whose self (ātman) is seized/encompassed by the law (dharma) of time)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, end, loss)

• समुपागतः (samupāgataḥ) - attained (death) (approached, attained, arrived at)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - at the end of a full (thousand years) (in the full, complete)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, accomplished, perfect

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 3)

वर्षसहस्र (varṣasahasra) - a thousand years

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: The locative 'ante' agrees with 'varṣasahasra'.

अन्ते (ante) - at the end (at the end, lastly, finally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Treated as an indeclinable adverbial usage here.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Śrīmān) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Sandhi form of 'saḥ'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

formed from root √kṛ with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses prior action.

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult (asceticism) (difficult to do, hard to accomplish)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish, arduous

compound of dur (bad, difficult) and kara (doing, making)

Compound type : pra-compound (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• kara – making, doing, performing
  adjective
  agent noun/adjective
  suffix -a from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'tapas'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, austerity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism (tapas), penance, austerity, heat

derived from root √tap (to heat, to perform austerities)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Retain (tapas) in translation as per instructions.

कालधर्मपरीतात्मा (kāladharmaparītātmā) - whose life was taken by the natural process of death (whose self (ātman) is seized/encompassed by the law (dharma) of time)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāladharmaparītātman

kāladharmaparītātman - whose self (ātman) is seized/encompassed by the law (dharma) of time

compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāla+dharma+parīta+ātman)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – seized, encompassed, surrounded, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root √i with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: This is an adjective describing 'saḥ' (he).

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, end, loss)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, final resting place

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'samupāgataḥ'.

समुपागतः (samupāgataḥ) - attained (death) (approached, attained, arrived at)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupāgata

samupāgata - approached, attained, arrived at, come together

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √gam (to go) with prefixes sam- and upa- and ā- (or sam-upā-ga)

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb here (was attained).