महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-91, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
यथा श्राद्धं संप्रवृत्तं यस्मिन्काले यदात्मकम् ।
येन संकल्पितं चैव तन्मे शृणु जनाधिप ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
yathā śrāddhaṁ saṁpravṛttaṁ yasminkāle yadātmakam ,
yena saṁkalpitaṁ caiva tanme śṛṇu janādhipa.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yathā śrāddham sampravṛttam yasmin kāle
yadātmakam yena saṅkalpitam ca eva tat me śṛṇu janādhip

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca janādhipa yathā śrāddham sampravṛttam yasmin
kāle yadātmakam ca eva yena saṅkalpitam tat me śṛṇu

3. Bhīṣma said: 'O ruler of men, hear from me how the ancestral ritual (śrāddha) originated, at what time, of what essential nature it is, and by whom it was precisely ordained.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• यथा (yathā) - how, in what manner, as

• श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - the ancestral ritual (śrāddha)

• सम्प्रवृत्तम् (sampravṛttam) - originated, commenced, came into existence

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which

• काले (kāle) - at time, in the time, period

• यदात्मकम् (yadātmakam) - of which nature, what is its essence

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• सङ्कल्पितम् (saṅkalpitam) - was ordained, resolved, determined

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely, only

• तत् (tat) - that

• मे (me) - from me

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of men, O ruler of people)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - formidable, terrible, Bhīṣma (son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - how, in what manner, as

(indeclinable)

श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - the ancestral ritual (śrāddha)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - ancestral ritual, an offering to the deceased ancestors, faith, reverence

सम्प्रवृत्तम् (sampravṛttam) - originated, commenced, came into existence

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sampravṛtta

sampravṛtta - commenced, originated, set in motion, occurred

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to be, turn) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śrāddham'.

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Modifies 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - at time, in the time, period

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

यदात्मकम् (yadātmakam) - of which nature, what is its essence

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yadātmaka

yadātmaka - of which nature, having which as its essence

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yad+ātman)

• yad – which, what
  pronoun
• ātman – self, soul, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'śrāddham'.

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

सङ्कल्पितम् (saṅkalpitam) - was ordained, resolved, determined

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṅkalpita

saṅkalpita - determined, resolved, conceived, intended

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kḷp' (to be in order, arrange) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'śrāddham'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, precisely, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

मे (me) - from me

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form for 1st person singular dative/genitive/ablative.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

Root: śru (class 5)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of men, O ruler of people)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - king, ruler of people, sovereign

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)