महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-91, verse-19

अथात्रिस्तं तथा दृष्ट्वा पुत्रशोकेन कर्शितम् ।
भृशमाश्वासयामास वाग्भिरिष्टाभिरव्ययः ॥१९॥

19. athātristaṁ tathā dṛṣṭvā putraśokena karśitam ,
bhṛśamāśvāsayāmāsa vāgbhiriṣṭābhiravyayaḥ.

19. atha atriḥ tam tathā dṛṣṭvā putraśokena karśitam
bhṛśam āśvāsayāmāsa vāgbhiḥ iṣṭābhiḥ avyayaḥ

19. atha avyayaḥ atriḥ tam putraśokena karśitam
tathā dṛṣṭvā iṣṭābhiḥ vāgbhiḥ bhṛśam āśvāsayāmāsa

19. Then the unchanging (avyaya) Atri, seeing him thus emaciated by the grief for his son, greatly consoled him with cherished words.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - thereupon, subsequently (then, now, moreover)

• अत्रिः (atriḥ) - the specific sage Atri (Atri (a famous sage))

• तम् (tam) - him (the best of sages) (him, that)

• तथा (tathā) - in that condition (emaciated by grief) (thus, so, in that manner)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Atri, having seen him (having seen)

• पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by the specific grief over his son (by sorrow for a son, by grief for a child)

• कर्शितम् (karśitam) - him, being emaciated (emaciated, weakened, afflicted)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (consoled) (greatly, exceedingly, strongly)

• आश्वासयामास (āśvāsayāmāsa) - Atri comforted the afflicted sage (he consoled, he comforted)

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - using (agreeable) words as means of consolation (by words, with speeches)

• इष्टाभिः (iṣṭābhiḥ) - with words that were pleasing or appropriate (by desired, by cherished, by agreeable)

• अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - Atri, being of a firm and unchangeable nature (unchangeable, imperishable, steadfast)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - thereupon, subsequently (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अत्रिः (atriḥ) - the specific sage Atri (Atri (a famous sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atri

atri - Atri (name of a Vedic sage)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तम् (tam) - him (the best of sages) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

तथा (tathā) - in that condition (emaciated by grief) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies the state of 'him'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Atri, having seen him (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root dṛś- (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Gerund/absolutive.

पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by the specific grief over his son (by sorrow for a son, by grief for a child)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - sorrow for a son, grief for a child

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve, lament)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Instrument causing the emaciation.

कर्शितम् (karśitam) - him, being emaciated (emaciated, weakened, afflicted)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karśita

karśita - emaciated, weakened, afflicted

past passive participle

From root kṛś- (to be thin, to emaciate), causative karśayati, then past passive participle -ita.

Root: kṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (him).

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly (consoled) (greatly, exceedingly, strongly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'āśvāsayāmāsa'.

आश्वासयामास (āśvāsayāmāsa) - Atri comforted the afflicted sage (he consoled, he comforted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, periphrastic perfect (lit) of āśvās

periphrastic perfect

From root śvas (to breathe) with prefix ā-, causative form śvāsayati, then formed with the periphrastic perfect auxiliary āmāsa.

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - using (agreeable) words as means of consolation (by words, with speeches)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

इष्टाभिः (iṣṭābhiḥ) - with words that were pleasing or appropriate (by desired, by cherished, by agreeable)

(participle)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, cherished, agreeable, worshiped

past passive participle

From root iṣ- (to desire, wish), or yaj- (to worship, sacrifice), suffix -kta.

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'vāgbhiḥ'.

अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - Atri, being of a firm and unchangeable nature (unchangeable, imperishable, steadfast)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyaya

avyaya - unchangeable, imperishable, indeclinable (gram.), Supreme Being

Negated form of vyaya (expenditure, change), from root vī (to go, waste) with prefix vi- + a- negative.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyaya – expenditure, loss, change, perishability
  noun (masculine)
  From root vī (to go, waste) with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vi (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Atriḥ'.