महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-80, verse-5

मान्धाता यौवनाश्वश्च ययातिर्नहुषस्तथा ।
गावो ददन्तः सततं सहस्रशतसंमिताः ।
गताः परमकं स्थानं देवैरपि सुदुर्लभम् ॥५॥

5. māndhātā yauvanāśvaśca yayātirnahuṣastathā ,
gāvo dadantaḥ satataṁ sahasraśatasaṁmitāḥ ,
gatāḥ paramakaṁ sthānaṁ devairapi sudurlabham.

5. Māndhātā yauvanāśvaḥ ca yayātiḥ
nahuṣaḥ tathā | gāvaḥ dadantaḥ satatam
sahasraśatasaṃmitāḥ | gatāḥ
paramakam sthānam devaiḥ api sudurlabham

5. Māndhātā yauvanāśvaḥ ca yayātiḥ
nahuṣaḥ tathā gāvaḥ sahasraśatasaṃmitāḥ
satatam dadantaḥ devaiḥ api
sudurlabham paramakam sthānam gatāḥ

5. Mandhata, Yuvanashva, Yayati, and Nahusha, by continually giving (dāna) hundreds of thousands of cows, attained the supreme state, which is very difficult for even the gods to obtain.

Words meanings summery:

• मान्धाता (māndhātā) - A famous ancient king. (Mandhata)

• यौवनाश्वः (yauvanāśvaḥ) - A famous ancient king, father of Mandhata. (Yuvanashva)

• च (ca) - and

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - A famous ancient king. (Yayati)

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - A famous ancient king. (Nahusha)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• ददन्तः (dadantaḥ) - In this context, it refers to the kings 'who gave' (cows). (giving, who were giving)

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, continually, always

• सहस्रशतसंमिताः (sahasraśatasaṁmitāḥ) - Refers to the number of cows given. (numbering hundreds of thousands)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained

• परमकम् (paramakam) - highest, supreme, ultimate

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - The supreme state or abode (e.g., heaven, mokṣa). (place, abode, state, position)

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• अपि (api) - even, also

• सुदुर्लभम् (sudurlabham) - very difficult to obtain, extremely rare

Words meanings and morphology

मान्धाता (māndhātā) - A famous ancient king. (Mandhata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Māndhātṛ

Māndhātṛ - Mandhata (name of a celebrated ancient king)

Note: Nominative singular of a 'tṛ' ending noun.

यौवनाश्वः (yauvanāśvaḥ) - A famous ancient king, father of Mandhata. (Yuvanashva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yauvanāśva

yauvanāśva - Yuvanashva (name of a king)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - A famous ancient king. (Yayati)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (name of an ancient king)

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - A famous ancient king. (Nahusha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - Nahusha (name of an ancient king)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also, and

(indeclinable)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of 'dadantaḥ'.

ददन्तः (dadantaḥ) - In this context, it refers to the kings 'who gave' (cows). (giving, who were giving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dadat

dadat - giving, bestowing (present active participle of dā)

Present active participle

Present active participle of root 'dā' (to give), declined in nominative plural masculine.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with the preceding kings.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, continually, always

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशतसंमिताः (sahasraśatasaṁmitāḥ) - Refers to the number of cows given. (numbering hundreds of thousands)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sahasraśatasaṃmita

sahasraśatasaṁmita - numbering hundreds of thousands, equal to a hundred thousand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+śata+saṃmita)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• saṃmita – measured by, equal to, resembling
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root 'mā' (to measure) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'gāvaḥ' (implied object of 'dadantaḥ').

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, reached (past passive participle of gam)

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the kings (Māndhātā etc.) as the subject of the main clause.

परमकम् (paramakam) - highest, supreme, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramaka

paramaka - highest, supreme, ultimate, best

From 'parama' (supreme) + -ka (suffix of endearment or diminution, here intensifying).

Note: Agrees with 'sthānam'.

स्थानम् (sthānam) - The supreme state or abode (e.g., heaven, mokṣa). (place, abode, state, position)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, abode, station, state, condition

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gatāḥ'.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'difficult for the gods'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that even the gods find it difficult.

सुदुर्लभम् (sudurlabham) - very difficult to obtain, extremely rare

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurlabha

sudurlabha - very difficult to obtain, extremely rare

Compound of 'su' (very) + 'dur' (difficult) + 'labha' (to obtain, derivable from root 'labh').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+dur+labha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty.
• labha – obtainable, to be gained
  adjective
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root 'labh' (to obtain) with suffix 'a' to form an adjective.
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sthānam'.