महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-80, verse-11

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु वचनं व्यासः परमधर्मवित् ।
पुत्रायाकथयत्सर्वं तत्त्वेन भरतर्षभ ॥११॥

11. etacchrutvā tu vacanaṁ vyāsaḥ paramadharmavit ,
putrāyākathayatsarvaṁ tattvena bharatarṣabha.

11. etat śrutvā tu vacanam vyāsaḥ paramadharmavit
putrāya akathayat sarvam tattvena bharatarṣabha

11. bharatarṣabha vyāsaḥ paramadharmavit etat vacanam
śrutvā tu tattvena sarvam putrāya akathayat

11. Having heard this statement, Vyasa, who knew the supreme natural law (dharma), then revealed everything truly to his son, O best of Bharatas.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - (referring to the question in the previous verse) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - then (indeed, but, then)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (name of a sage)

• परमधर्मवित् (paramadharmavit) - knower of the supreme natural law (dharma)

• पुत्राय (putrāya) - (referring to Śuka, Vyasa's son) (to his son)

• अकथयत् (akathayat) - told, narrated, described

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in essence, in reality

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira or Janamejaya, depending on the framing of the larger narrative) (O best of Bharatas! O bull among Bharatas!)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - (referring to the question in the previous verse) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here, now

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Also nominative singular neuter. Here object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - then (indeed, but, then)

(indeclinable)

Particle

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, statement, saying

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Also nominative singular neuter. Here object of śrutvā.

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa, a famous sage, compiler (of Vedas, Mahabharata)

From vi (apart) + ās (to sit) or vyās (to divide, arrange).

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of akathayat.

परमधर्मवित् (paramadharmavit) - knower of the supreme natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramadharmavid

paramadharmavid - one who knows the highest (dharma), knower of the supreme law

Compound noun used as adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+dharma+vid)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of 'para'
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion, custom
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Vyasa.

पुत्राय (putrāya) - (referring to Śuka, Vyasa's son) (to his son)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Indirect object of akathayat.

अकथयत् (akathayat) - told, narrated, described

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kath

Imperfect

Third person singular imperfect active. Causal derivative of kath which is a denominative from kathā (story). Sometimes listed as kath class 10.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: a- is the augment for past tense.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Universal pronoun

Note: Direct object of akathayat.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in essence, in reality

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

From tad (that) + tva (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Denotes manner.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira or Janamejaya, depending on the framing of the larger narrative) (O best of Bharatas! O bull among Bharatas!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best among Bharatas, bull among Bharatas

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Common honorific address in Mahabharata.