महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-80, verse-29

उपक्रीडन्ति तान्राजञ्शुभाश्चाप्सरसां गणाः ।
एताँल्लोकानवाप्नोति गां दत्त्वा वै युधिष्ठिर ॥२९॥

29. upakrīḍanti tānrājañśubhāścāpsarasāṁ gaṇāḥ ,
etāँllokānavāpnoti gāṁ dattvā vai yudhiṣṭhira.

29. upakrīḍanti tān rājan śubhāḥ ca apsarasām gaṇāḥ
etān lokān avāpnoti gām dattvā vai yudhiṣṭhira

29. O King, beautiful groups of Apsaras amuse themselves with them. O Yudhiṣṭhira, by giving a cow, one certainly attains these realms.

Words meanings summery:

• उपक्रीडन्ति (upakrīḍanti) - (Apsaras) amuse themselves with (the virtuous ones) (they play with, they sport with)

• तान् (tān) - those (virtuous people) (them)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

• शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - beautiful (Apsaras) (beautiful, auspicious, shining)

• च (ca) - and

• अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of the celestial nymphs (Apsaras) (of Apsaras)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups of (Apsaras) (hosts, groups, troops)

• एतान् (etān) - these (worlds) (these)

• लोकान् (lokān) - these celestial worlds (worlds, realms, regions)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - one attains (these worlds) (attains, reaches, obtains)

• गाम् (gām) - a cow (given as a gift) (a cow)

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - by giving (a cow) (having given)

• वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, truly)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Dharma, eldest Pandava) (O Yudhiṣṭhira)

Words meanings and morphology

उपक्रीडन्ति (upakrīḍanti) - (Apsaras) amuse themselves with (the virtuous ones) (they play with, they sport with)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of krīḍ

Present tense, active voice

Root krīḍ (1st class, bhvādi), parasmaipada with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

Note: Takes accusative (tān) to mean 'play with'.

तान् (tān) - those (virtuous people) (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine accusative plural of tad.

Note: Direct object of upakrīḍanti.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Vocative singular of rājan (n-stem).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - beautiful (Apsaras) (beautiful, auspicious, shining)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śubhā

śubhā - beautiful, auspicious, bright, good

Feminine nominative plural of śubha.

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Apsaras.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects parts of a sentence or words.

अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of the celestial nymphs (Apsaras) (of Apsaras)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of apsaras

apsaras - celestial nymph, Apsara (literally 'moving in water')

Compound ap (water) + sṛ (to move).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ap+saras)

• ap – water
  noun (feminine)
  Always plural.
• saras – moving, going
  adjective
  From root sṛ (to go, to move) + as suffix.
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies gaṇāḥ.

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups of (Apsaras) (hosts, groups, troops)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - host, group, multitude, troop, class

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

एतान् (etān) - these (worlds) (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Masculine accusative plural of etad.

Note: Qualifies lokān.

लोकान् (lokān) - these celestial worlds (worlds, realms, regions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Accusative plural of loka.

Root: lok (class 1)

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - one attains (these worlds) (attains, reaches, obtains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present tense, active voice

Root āp (5th class, svādi) with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject is implied, 'one who gives a cow'.

गाम् (gām) - a cow (given as a gift) (a cow)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

Feminine accusative singular of go (o-stem).

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - by giving (a cow) (having given)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root dā (to give) + ktvā suffix. Root dā undergoes reduplication dā-dā then dat.

Root: dā (class 3)

वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

Vedic particle.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Dharma, eldest Pandava) (O Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of eldest Pandava)

yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) + sthira (steady)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)