महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-54, verse-31

इत्युक्तः सहभार्यस्तमभ्यगच्छन्महामुनिम् ।
शिरसा वन्दनीयं तमवन्दत स पार्थिवः ॥३१॥

31. ityuktaḥ sahabhāryastamabhyagacchanmahāmunim ,
śirasā vandanīyaṁ tamavandata sa pārthivaḥ.

31. iti uktaḥ sahabhāryaḥ tam abhyagacchat mahāmunim
śirasā vandanīyam tam avandata saḥ pārthivaḥ

31. Thus addressed, that king, accompanied by his wife, approached that great sage. He bowed his head to that venerable (muni).

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• सहभार्यः (sahabhāryaḥ) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

• तम् (tam) - (the sage) Chyavana (him, that)

• अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - he approached, went towards

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - to the great sage

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

• वन्दनीयम् (vandanīyam) - venerable, to be worshipped, worthy of respect

• तम् (tam) - (the sage) Chyavana (him, that)

• अवन्दत (avandata) - he bowed, worshipped

• सः (saḥ) - the king (Mandhata) (he, that)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king Mandhata (king, sovereign)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

particle

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said

Past Passive Participle

from root vac (to speak), irregular past participle

Root: vac (class 2)

सहभार्यः (sahabhāryaḥ) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahabhārya

sahabhārya - accompanied by one's wife

saha (with) + bhāryā (wife), Bahuvrihi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+bhāryā)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
  prefix/preposition
• bhāryā – wife, she who is to be supported
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive (female form)
  from root bhṛ (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ pārthivaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - (the sage) Chyavana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'abhyagacchat'. Refers to the great sage.

अभ्यगच्छत् (abhyagacchat) - he approached, went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect Active

abhi (prefix) + gam (root) + at (imperfect 3rd singular ending)

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ pārthivaḥ'.

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - to the great sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmunin

mahāmunin - great sage

mahā (great) + muni (sage), Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'abhyagacchat'. Refers to Chyavana.

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull

Note: Indicates means of bowing.

वन्दनीयम् (vandanīyam) - venerable, to be worshipped, worthy of respect

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vandanīya

vandanīya - to be worshipped, venerable

Gerundive

from root vand (to salute, praise) + anīya (suffix for gerundive)

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (the sage).

तम् (tam) - (the sage) Chyavana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'avandata'. Refers to the great sage.

अवन्दत (avandata) - he bowed, worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vand

Imperfect Middle

a (augment) + vand (root) + ata (imperfect 3rd singular middle ending)

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'saḥ pārthivaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - the king (Mandhata) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the king, Mandhata.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - king Mandhata (king, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, sovereign

derived from pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ (suffix), one who rules the earth

Note: Subject of 'abhyagacchat' and 'avandata'.