महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-54, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
ततः स राजा रात्र्यन्ते प्रतिबुद्धो महामनाः ।
कृतपूर्वाह्णिकः प्रायात्सभार्यस्तद्वनं प्रति ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tataḥ sa rājā rātryante pratibuddho mahāmanāḥ ,
kṛtapūrvāhṇikaḥ prāyātsabhāryastadvanaṁ prati.

1. bhīṣma uvāca | tataḥ sa rājā rātryante pratibuddhaḥ
mahāmanāḥ | kṛtapūrvāhṇikaḥ prāyāt sabhāryaḥ tat vanam prati

1. Bhishma said: Then that high-minded king, having awakened at the end of the night and performed his morning rites, set out with his wife towards that forest.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• स (sa) - he, that

• राजा (rājā) - king

• रात्र्यन्ते (rātryante) - at the end of the night, at dawn

• प्रतिबुद्धः (pratibuddhaḥ) - awakened, roused

• महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - high-minded, noble-minded, great-souled

• कृतपूर्वाह्णिकः (kṛtapūrvāhṇikaḥ) - having performed his morning rites

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he went, he set out

• सभार्यः (sabhāryaḥ) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

• तत् (tat) - that (specific) forest (that)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

रात्र्यन्ते (rātryante) - at the end of the night, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rātryanta

rātryanta - end of night, dawn

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+anta)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• anta – end, boundary
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिबुद्धः (pratibuddhaḥ) - awakened, roused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratibuddha

pratibuddha - awakened, come to consciousness

Past Passive Participle

From root 'budh' (to awaken) with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'rājā'.

महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - high-minded, noble-minded, great-souled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanas

mahāmanas - high-minded, great-souled, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+manas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• manas – mind, intellect, soul
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the king.

कृतपूर्वाह्णिकः (kṛtapūrvāhṇikaḥ) - having performed his morning rites

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtapūrvāhṇika

kṛtapūrvāhṇika - one who has performed his morning rites

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+pūrvāhṇika)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• pūrvāhṇika – morning rites, related to the forenoon
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'pūrvāhṇa' (forenoon)

Note: Refers to the king.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he went, he set out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of i

imperfect active

root 'i' (2nd class) with prefix 'pra', imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

सभार्यः (sabhāryaḥ) - with his wife, accompanied by his wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sabhārya

sabhārya - accompanied by wife

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bhāryā)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bhāryā – wife
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the king.

तत् (tat) - that (specific) forest (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'vanam'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of direction 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, to

(indeclinable)