महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-91, verse-5

धर्मे तिष्ठन्ति भूतानि धर्मो राजनि तिष्ठति ।
तं राजा साधु यः शास्ति स राजा पृथिवीपतिः ॥५॥

5. dharme tiṣṭhanti bhūtāni dharmo rājani tiṣṭhati ,
taṁ rājā sādhu yaḥ śāsti sa rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ.

5. dharme tiṣṭhanti bhūtāni dharmaḥ rājani tiṣṭhati
tam rājā sādhu yaḥ śāsti saḥ rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ

5. bhūtāni dharme tiṣṭhanti dharmaḥ rājani tiṣṭhati
yaḥ rājā tam sādhu śāsti saḥ rājā pṛthivīpatiḥ

5. All beings exist according to natural law (dharma), and that natural law (dharma) resides in the king. The king who rules them well is truly the lord of the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma, in duty, in righteousness

• तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - stand, abide, exist, remain

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements, past events

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature

• राजनि (rājani) - in the king, on the king

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, abides, exists, remains

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the 'king' later in the sentence. (him, that (masculine accusative))

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• साधु (sādhu) - well, properly, rightly, good, virtuous

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• शास्ति (śāsti) - rules, governs, teaches, chastises

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मे (dharme) - in dharma, in duty, in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitutional duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, cosmic order

from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - stand, abide, exist, remain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

root 'sthā' (to stand), present tense, 3rd person plural

Root: sthā (class 1)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements, past events

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle

From root 'bhū' (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitutional duty, righteousness, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, cosmic order

from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

राजनि (rājani) - in the king, on the king

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, abides, exists, remains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

root 'sthā' (to stand), present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: sthā (class 1)

तम् (tam) - Refers to the 'king' later in the sentence. (him, that (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine accusative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

साधु (sādhu) - well, properly, rightly, good, virtuous

(indeclinable)

Here used as an adverb. Can also be a noun/adjective.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Null for gender/number/case because used as an adverb here.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Masculine nominative singular form of the relative pronoun 'yad'.

शास्ति (śāsti) - rules, governs, teaches, chastises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

root 'śās' (to rule), present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: śās (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

पृथिवीपतिः (pṛthivīpatiḥ) - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛthivīpati

pṛthivīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+pati)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pṛth
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)