महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-91, verse-12

यस्मिन्धर्मो विराजेत तं राजानं प्रचक्षते ।
यस्मिन्विलीयते धर्मस्तं देवा वृषलं विदुः ॥१२॥

12. yasmindharmo virājeta taṁ rājānaṁ pracakṣate ,
yasminvilīyate dharmastaṁ devā vṛṣalaṁ viduḥ.

12. yasmin dharmaḥ virājeta tam rājānam pracakṣate
yasmin vilīyate dharmaḥ tam devāḥ vṛṣalam viduḥ

12. yasmin dharmaḥ virājeta,
tam rājānam pracakṣate.
yasmin dharmaḥ vilīyate,
tam devāḥ vṛṣalam viduḥ.

12. They declare that person a king in whom natural law (dharma) shines supreme. And the gods consider that person an outcaste (vṛṣala) in whom natural law (dharma) dissolves.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (in which, in whom)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution)

• विराजेत (virājeta) - shines supreme (may shine, should rule, shines supreme)

• तम् (tam) - him (that person) (him, that)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (king)

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare (they call, they declare, they name)

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (in which, in whom)

• विलीयते (vilīyate) - dissolves (dissolves, disappears, merges)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution)

• तम् (tam) - him (that person) (him, that)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, divine beings)

• वृषलम् (vṛṣalam) - an outcaste (vṛṣala) (outcaste, śūdra, one who violates natural law (dharma))

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they consider (they know, they consider, they understand)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (in which, in whom)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom, religion, constitution

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + suffix -man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

विराजेत (virājeta) - shines supreme (may shine, should rule, shines supreme)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of virāj

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From prefix vi- + root rāj (to shine, rule)

Prefix: vi

Root: rāj (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (that person) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजानम् (rājānam) - a king (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare (they call, they declare, they name)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pracakṣ

Present indicative, 3rd person plural, middle voice

From prefix pra- + root cakṣ (to see, declare)

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (in which, in whom)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

विलीयते (vilīyate) - dissolves (dissolves, disappears, merges)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vilī

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, passive voice

From prefix vi- + root lī (to cling, dissolve). Passive form.

Prefix: vi

Root: lī (class 4)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom, religion, constitution

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + suffix -man

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him (that person) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods (gods, divine beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, divine being, celestial

वृषलम् (vṛṣalam) - an outcaste (vṛṣala) (outcaste, śūdra, one who violates natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣala

vṛṣala - a man of the śūdra caste, an outcaste, a despicable person, one who violates dharma

विदुः (viduḥ) - they consider (they know, they consider, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present indicative, 3rd person plural

From root vid (to know), athematic verb.

Root: vid (class 2)